Generation and Composition of Medical Waste in Lafia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/ijce.2218Keywords:
Healthcare Waste, Management Practices, Environmental Hazard, Physical Planning and SustainabilityAbstract
Background: Effective management of medical waste is a prerequisite for efficient delivery of healthcare services, human health and environmental protection; and the availability of adequate data with regard to medical waste generation and composition is generally considered to be fundamental in the development of efficient medical waste management. However, in Lafia, the state capital of Nasarawa State, Nigeria and a rapidly developing town, there is inadequate information on the medical waste generation and composition. This study thus sets to evaluate the medical waste composition and generation in Lafia by direct observation during both rainy and dry seasons
Methodology: The study involved the survey of a cross section of three (3) tertiary health institution.
Findings: The study showed that there is significant variation in healthcare waste management practices and sustainability factors (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) (3Rs). The test showed that there prominent method of healthcare waste management at the studied institution was practice of incineration, pit burning and burying and frequency of waste disposal, leaving out other new and improved technologies for proper waste managements. This study aims to evaluate the medical waste generation and composition in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria across public and private hospitals.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: It is anticipated that the outcome of this research will avail resourceful data that will be needed for effective hospital waste management and other planning and design works.
Downloads
References
Sutha, I. A., "An analytical study on medical waste management in selected hospitals located in Chennai city," Environ Waste Management and Recycling, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 5-8, 2018.
Mathur, P., Patan, S. and Shobhawat, A. S., "Need of Biomedical Waste Management System in Hospitals - An Emerging issue - A Review," Current World Environment, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 117-124, 2012.
Barar, M. and Kulkhestha, A., "Biomedical Waste Management: Need of Today A Review," International Journal of Science and Research, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 2417-2421, 2015.
Ahmad, R., Liu, G., Santagata, R., Casazza, M., Xue, J., Khan, K., Nawab, J., Ulgiati, S. and Lega, M., "LCA of Hospital Solid Waste Treatment Alternatives in a Developing Country: The Case of District Swat, Pakistan," Sustainability, vol. 11, pp. 1-20, 2019.
Afon, A. O., Afolabi, A. S., Agbabiaka, H. I. and Akinbinu, A. A. , "Determinants of Hospital Solid Waste Composition of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC) Ile-Ife, Nigeria," Cogent Environmental Science, vol. 3, pp. 1-18, 2017.
Yazie T. D., Tebeje, M. G. and Chufa, K. A., "Healthcare Waste Management Current Status and Potential Challenges In Ethiopia: A Systematic Review," BMC Research Notes, vol. 12, no. 285, pp. 1-7, 2019.
Alwabr, G. M. A., Al-Mikhlafi, A. S., Al-Hakimi, S. A. and Dughish, M. A., "Determination of Medical Waste Composition in Hospitals of Sana'a City, Yemen," Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 343-347 , 2016.
Himabindu, P. A., Udayashankara, T. H., and Madhukar, M., "A Critical Review on Biomedical Waste and Effect of Mismanagement," International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 81-88, 2015.
Olanrewaju, O. O. and Fasinmirin, R. J., "Design of Medical Wastes Incinerator for Health Care Facilities in Akure," Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1-13, 2019.
Omofunmi, O. E., Agwagu, H. C. and Atuche, A. L., "Assessment of Medical Waste Management in Private Hospitals," FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 100-109, 2016.
Awodele O., Adeoye, A. A. and Oparah, A. C., "Assessment of Medical Waste Management in Seven Hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria," BMC Public Health, vol. 16, no. 269, pp. 1-11, 2016.
Olukanni, D. O., Azuh, D. E., Toogun, T. O. and Okorie, U. E., "Medical Waste Management Practices among Selected Health-care Facilities in Nigeria," Scientific Research and Essays, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 431-439, 2014.
Ogbonna, D. N., "Characteristics and Waste Management Practices of Medical Wastes in Healthcare Institutions in Port Harcourt, Nigeria," African Journal of Environmental and Waste Management, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 013-021, 2013.
Idowu, I., Alo, B. and Atherton, W., "Profile of Medical Waste Management in Two Healthcare Facilities in Lagos, Nigeria: A case study," Waste Management and Research, vol. 31, pp. 494-501, 2013.
Oruonye, E. D., "An Assessment of Medical Waste Disposal Methods in Jalingo Metropolis, Taraba State Nigeria," International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 67-71, 2012.
Fadipe, O. O., Oladepo, K. T., Jeje, J. O. and Ogedengbe, M. O., "Characterization and Analysis of Medical Solid Waste in Osun State, Nigeria," African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 1027-1038, 2011.
Chima, G. N., Ezekwe, I. C. and Digha, N. O., "An Assessment of Medical Waste Management in Health Institutions in Yenagoa, South-South, Nigeria," World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, vol. 8, no. 2/3/4, pp. 224-233, 2011.
Abanobi, O. C., Opara, K., Nwakwuo, G. and Morakinyo, O. M., "Assessment of Medical Waste Management Practice in Selected Hospitals: A Case Study of Owerri, Nigeria," Journal of Environmental Health, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 7-12, 2011.
Kwikiriza, S., Stewart, A. G., Mutahunga, B, Dobson, A. E. and Wilkinson, E., "A Whole Systems Approach to Hospital Waste Management in Rural Uganda," Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 7, no. 136, pp. 1-9, 2019.
Kalogiannidou, K. and Komilis, D., "Generation and Composition of Medical Waste Derived from Histopathology Laboratories," in 2nd International Conference of Recent Trends in Environmental Science and Engineering (RTESE'18), Niagara Falls, Canada, 2018.
Niyongabo, E., Jang, Y., Kang, D., Sung, K. , "Current Treatment and Disposal Practices for Medical Wastes in Bujumbura, Burundi," Environmental Engineering Research, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 211-219, 2019.
Manonmani, P. and Raj, S. P., "Recycling of Liquid Waste from Hospital using Selected Microbial Cultures," Elixir Bio Technology, vol. 2016, no. 95, pp. 40910-40914, 2016.
Morenikeji, O. A., Inyang, A. B. and Udobia, I. U., "Hospital Waste Management Practice Alertness among Health Practitioners in Secondary and Tertiary Care Facilities in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State," European Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 44-54, 2017.
Shareefdeen, Z. M., "Medical Waste Management and Control," Journal of Environmental Protection, vol. 3, pp. 1625-1628, 2012.
Tiong, C. S., Lattif, P. A. and Karuppannan, S., "Medical Waste Management in Private Medical Clinics Taiping, Perak," in International Conference on Ecological, Environmental and Biological Science, Pattaya, 2012.
Bazrafshan, E. and Mostafapoor, F. K., "Survey of Medical Waste Characterization and Management in Iran: a Case Study of Sistan and Baluchestan Province," Waste Management and Research, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 442-450, 2010.
Debere, M. K., Gelaye, K. A., Alamdo, A. G. and Trifa, Z. M., "Assessment of the Health Care Waste Generation Rates and its Management System in Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia," BMC Public Health, vol. 13, no. 28, pp. 1-9, 2011.
Altin, S., Altin, A., Elevli, B. and Cerit, O., "Determination of Hospital Waste Composition and Disposal Methods: a Case Study," Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 251-255, 2003.
Arshad, N., Nayyar, S., Amin, F. and Mahmood, K.T., "Hospital Waste Disposal: A Review Article," Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 1412-1419, 2011.
Tabish, S. A., Amir, S. K. and Bhat, S., "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Biomedical Waste Management Among the Health Care Workers in Hospitals of Kashmir," International Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 926-930, 2018.
WHO (World Health Organization), Safe Management of Wastes from Health-Care Activities, Geneva: WHO, 2014.
Ali, M., Wang, W., Chaudhry, N. and Geng, Y., "Hospital Waste Management in Developing Countries: A Mini Review," Waste Management and Research, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 581-592, 2017.
Joshi, S. C., Diwan, V., Tamhankar, A. J., Joshi, R., Shah, H., Sharma, M., Pathak, A., Macaden, R. and Lundborg, C. S., "Staff Perception on Biomedical or Health Care Waste Management: A Qualitative Study in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in India," PLoS ONE, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1-15, 2015.
Oyekale,A. S. and Oyekale, T. O., "BMC Public Health," BMC Public Health, vol. 17, no. 740, pp. 1-13, 2017.
Cesaro, A. and Belgiorno, V., "Medical Waste Generation and Management in Different Sized Facilities," in 14th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Rhodes, Greece, 2015.
Sartaj, M. and Arabgol, R., "Quantitative Assessment and Statistical Analysis of Medical Waste Generation in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Isfahan (Iran)," Transactions of Civil Engineering, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 409-420, 2014.
Meleko, A. and Adane, A., "Assessment of Health Care Waste Generation Rate and Evaluation of its Management System in Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital (MTUTH), Bench Maji Zone, South West Ethiopia," Annals of Reviews and Research, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 001-009, 2018.
Atnafu, D. D. and Kumie, A., "Healthcare Waste Composition and Generation Rate in Menellik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study," International Journal of Sustainability Management and Information Technologies, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 10-19, 2017.
Debalkie, D. and Kumie, A., "Healthcare Waste Management: the Current Issue in Menellik II Referral Hospital, Ethiopia," Current World Environment, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 42-52, 2017.
Ansari, M., Ehrampoush, M. H., Farzadkia, M. and Ahmadi, E., "Dynamic Assessment of Economic and Environmental Performance Index and Generation, Composition, Environmental and Human Health Risks of Hospital Solid Waste in Developing Countries; A State of the Art of Review," Environment International, vol. 132, pp. 1-18, 2019.
Tesfahun, E., Kumie, A. and Beyene, A., "Developing Models for the Prediction of Hospital Healthcare Waste Generation Rate," Waste Management and Research, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 75-80, 2016.
Bourtsalas, A. C. and Themelis, N. J., "Major Sources of Mercury Emissions to the Atmosphere: The U.S. Case," Waste Management, vol. 85, pp. 90-94, 2019.
Zhang, Q. Q., Ying, G. G., Pan, C. G., Liu, Y. S. and Zhao, J. L., "Comprehensive Evaluation of Antibiotics Emission and Fate in River Basins of China: Source Analysis, Multimedia Modeling, and Linkage to Bacterial Resistance," Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 49, pp. 6772-6782, 2015.
Chandira, U. J., Poyyamoli, G. and Roy, G., "Evaluation of Biomedical Waste Management in the Primary and Community Health Centers in Puducherry Region, India," International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 592-604 , 2013.
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), "Medical Waste Management," International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva, 2012.
Secretariat of the Basel Convention (SBC), "Technical Guidelines on the Environmentally Sound Management of Biomedical and Healthcare Wastes," Basel Convention, Chatelaine, 2003.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), "Medical Waste," 7 November 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/rcra/medical-waste. [Accessed 17 January 2020].
Zafar, R., Ali, S. S., Uddin, Z. and Khan, M. A., "A Case Study of Hospital Waste Management in Balochistan and Its Impact on Health and Environment. Research," Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 98-103, 2013.
Rodionov, M. and Nakata, T., "Design of an Optimal Waste Utilization System: A Case Study in St. Petersburg, Russia," Sustainability, vol. 3, p. 1486–1509, 2011.
Bakeri, J. J., "Management of Hospital Waste in the Tamale Teaching Hospital," University For Development Studies, Tamale, Tamale, 2018.
Kalpana, V. N., Prabhu, D. S., Vinodhini, S. and Devirajeswari, V., "Biomedical Waste and its Management," Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 670-676, 2016.
Mhady, A. I. A., Awad, M. A., Al-Aghah, M. R. and El-Nahhal, Y. Z., "Assessment of Medical Waste Management in El Shifa and Al Aqsa Hospitals-Gaza Strip," Health, vol. 11, pp. 1028-1042, 2019.
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), "Compendium of Technologies for Treatment/Destruction of Healthcare Waste," UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), Osaka, Japan, 2012.
Rudraswamy, S., Sampath, N. and Doggalli, N., "Global Scenario of Hospital Waste Management," International Journal of Environmental Biology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 143-146, 2013.
Rai, D., Patel, N. and Srivastava, A. K., "Assessment of Biomedical Waste Disposal and Management in Three Hospitals of Rishikesh, India," International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 1-8, 2018.
Harhay, M. O., Halpern, S., Harnay, J. S. and Olliaro, P. L., "Healthcare Waste Management: A Neglected and Growing Public Health Problem Worldwide," Tropical Medicine and International Health, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1414-1417, 2009.
Macaulay, B. M. and Odiase, F. M., "Medical Waste Management Practices in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Health Facilities in Akure, Nigeria," International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 103-127, 2016.
Maamari, O.,Brandam, C.,Lteif, R. and Salameh, D., "Health Care Waste Generation Rates and Patterns: The case of Lebanon," Waste Management, vol. 43, pp. 550-554, 2015.
WHO (World Health Organization), "Waste from health-care activities," WHO (World Health Organization), Geneva, 2011.
Abah, S. O. and Ohimain, E. I., "Healthcare Waste Management in Nigeria: A case Study," Journal of Public Health Epidemiology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 99-110, 2011.
Shakiba, M. and Mohagheghian, A., "Hospital Waste Generation and Management Status in Rasht, North of Iran," Caspian Journal of Health Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 20-23, 2018.
Farzadkia, M., Akbari, H., Gholami, H. and Darabi, A., "Management of Hospital Waste: A Case Study in Tehran, Iran," Health Scope, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1-6, 2018.
Rabeie, O. L., Miranzadeh, M. B., Fallah, S. H., Dehqan, S., Moulana, Z., Amouei, A., Mohammadi, A. A., Asgharnia, H. A. and Babaei, M., "Determination of Hospital Waste Composition and Management in Amol City, Iran," Health Scope, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 127-131, 2012.
Olagunju, J. O. and Akinyemi, C., "Hospital Waste Management in Ondo State South West Nigeria," Environment and Ecology Research, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 185-191, 2015.
Yelebe, Z. R., Samuel, J. R. and Yelebe, B. Z., "Biomedical Waste Treatment: A Case Study of Some Selected Hospitals in BayelsaState, South-South, Nigeria," America Journal of Engineering Research, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 160-164, 2015.
Longe, E. O,, "Healthcare Waste Management Status in Lagos State, Nigeria: A Case Study from Selected Healthcare Facilities in Ikorodu and Lagos Metropolis," Waste Management and Research, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 562-571, 2012.
Ahmed, N. O., Gasmelseed, G. A. and Musa, A. E., "Assessment of Medical Solid Waste Management in Khartoum State Hospitals," Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 201-205, 2014.
Asante, O. B., Yanful, E. and Yaokumah, E. B., "Healthcare Waste Management, its Impact: A Case Study of the Greater Accra Region, Ghana," International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 106-112, 2014.
Amin, R., Gul, R. and Mehrab, A., "Hospital waste management; practices in different hospitals of Distt. Peshawar," Professional Medical Journal, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 988-994, 2013.
Katoch, S. and Kumar, V., "Modelling Seasonal Variation in Biomedical Waste Generation at Healthcare Facilities," Waste Managment and Research, vol. 26, pp. 241-246, 2007.
Awad, A. R., Obeidat, M. and Al-Shareef, M., "Mathematical Statistical Models of Generated Hazardous Hospital Solid Waste," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, vol. 39, pp. 315-327, 2004.
Suma, Y., Pasukphun, N., Hongtong, A., Keawdunglek, V., Laor, P. and Apidechku, T., "Waste Composition Evaluation for Solid Waste Management Guideline in Highland Rural Tourist Area in Thailand," Applied Environmental Research, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 13-26, 2019.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Abalaku, Samuel .A; Ogwueleka, T.C ; Samson, B, Abdullahi Idris
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
