Level of Awareness of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Among Communities in Kilifi and Marsabit Counties in Kenya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/ijhs.2262Keywords:
Sanitation, Open Defecation-Free, Handwashing, Awareness, Intervention, DiarrhoeaAbstract
Purpose: This study examined determinants of major interventional factors on community-led total sanitation to deliver open defecation-free societies and improve Health and well-being among the selected population in Kilifi and Marsabit in Kenya.
Methodology: The study methodology included a comparative cross-sectional study of the two diverse study populations. Eight hundred and eleven participants were recruited for the data collection phase of the study. A multistage sampling procedure was used to sample the villages and the households. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS tool version 26.0. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the different regional CLTS uptake. Inferential statistics, including multivariate logistic regression, were used to determine associations between variables.
Findings: The study found a significant statistical association between households with household heads having good handwashing awareness (A.O.R=2.459, p=0.002) and CLTS awareness (A.O.R=4.317, p=0.022) were statistically associated with owning a sanitation facility. The results show that the CLTS program is effective and has positively impacted sanitation status, such as reducing open defecation levels in Kilifi and Marsabit.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: CLTS focuses on the behavioral change needed to ensure real and sustainable improvements—investing in community mobilization instead of hardware and shifting the focus from toilet construction for individual households to the creation of open defecation-free villages. It raises awareness that even if a minority of people continue to defecate in the open, everyone is at risk of disease
Downloads
References
Garn, J. V., Sclar, G. D., Freeman, M. C., Penakalapati, G., Alexander, K. T., Brooks, P., Rehfuess, E. A., Boisson, S., Medlicott, K. O., & Clasen, T. F. (2017). The impact of sanitation interventions on latrine coverage and latrine use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 220(2, Part B), 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001
IRC. (2018). Economic impacts of poor sanitation in Africa: Kenya. Ircwash.org. https://www.ircwash.org/resources/economic-impacts-poor-sanitation-africa-kenya
Kasiva, E., Mworia, L., Mburugu, K., & Kiogora, D. (2022). In the cultural mirror: Influence of cultural factors on adoption of sanitation practices in rural areas: A case of Nzaui Sub-County, Makueni County, Kenya. African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v1i1.89
Kenya National Commission on Human Rights. (2017). Framework for monitoring the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation in Kenya. https://www.knchr.org/Portals/0/EcosocReports/PHE-Framework.pdf
Ministry of Health. (2021). Protocol for implementing CLTS in Kenya. http://guidelines.health.go.ke:8000/media/Community_Led_Total_Sanitation_MoH_Guideline_2014.pdf
Pickering, A. J., Djebbari, H., Lopez, C., Coulibaly, M., & Alzua, M. L. (2015). Effect of a community-led sanitation intervention on child diarrhoea and child growth in rural Mali: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Global Health, 3(11), e701–e711. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(15)00144-8
Wamera, E. (2012). Gender outcomes of the community-led total sanitation approach in selected counties in Kenya. https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/server/api/core/bitstreams/fa702e9b-9288-4a7b-b8d4-6415a0cc8605/content
WHO. (2022). WHO global water, sanitation and hygiene: Annual report 2021. Www.who.int. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240057258
WHO/UNICEF. (2017). Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene update and SDG baselines. https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-01/JMP-2017-report-final.pdf
World Vision International. (2015). Press release - World Toilet Day. World Vision International. https://test.wvi.org/kenya/pressrelease/press-release-world-toilet-day
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tobias M. Omufwoko, Alfred O. Odongo, Mohamed Karama
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
