Parents' Perceptions on Menstruation and Menstrual Hygiene in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Authors

  • Gabriel Vodiena Nsakala Université Pédagogique de Kinshasa
  • Blondelle Ntadisa Mpembele Université Pédagogique de Kinshasa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47941/ijhs.2648

Keywords:

Perception; Menstruation; Menstrual Hygiene, Parents, Adolescents

Abstract

Purpose: Effective management of menstrual hygiene is crucial for women’s sexual and reproductive health. This study aimed to assess parents’ perceptions of adolescent menstruation and menstrual hygiene within households in the Kimbanseke health zone in Kinshasa.

Methodology: This exploratory, descriptive, thematic, and interpretive study utilized semi-structured interviews with 6 mothers and 6 fathers in the zone.

Findings: The findings revealed that menstruation remains a taboo subject within the community of Kimbanseke, with its management often shrouded in secrecy in many of the surveyed households. The factors significantly influencing women’s menstrual health were largely societal in nature. Both mothers and fathers reported being aware of various beliefs and myths surrounding menstruation. These beliefs were subsequently passed down to their children, perpetuating silence and reinforcing taboos about menstruation.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: There is a clear need to integrate parental education and training into policies aimed at promoting menstrual hygiene. Parents play a critical role in shaping their daughters' behaviors and practices concerning menstruation and menstrual hygiene, making their involvement essential to improving menstrual health education.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Gabriel Vodiena Nsakala , Université Pédagogique de Kinshasa

Professor, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé
MD, MPH, PhD

Blondelle Ntadisa Mpembele, Université Pédagogique de Kinshasa

Assistante, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé

MD, MPH

References

ADMIRE Baseline Study (2016). "Gestion de l'hygiène menstruelle et éducation: Pratiques, perceptions et barrières. Province de l'Équateur, RDC."

American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Adolescence, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Committee on Adolescent Health Care (2006). "Menstruation in Girls and Adolescents : Using the Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign." Pediatrics. 118(5): 2245–2250.

Caruso, B A., Fehr A, Inden K, Sahin M, Ellis A, Andes L K and Freeman C M, (2013). ‘WASH in Schools Empowers Girls’ Education inFreetown, Sierra Leone: An assessment of menstrual hygiene management in schools’." United Nations Children's Fund, New York, November 2013

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259033111_WASH_in_Schools_Empowers_Girls'_Education_in_Freetown_Sierra_Leone_An_assessment_of_menstrual_hygiene_management_in_schools#fullTextFileContent [accessed September 22, 2020.

Ghiglione B., Matalon R. (1998). "Les enquêtes sociologiques. Théories et pratiques." Paris, A Collin..

Holton J. (2010). "The Coding Process and Its Challenges." ResearchGate. 2010. DOI: 10.4135/9781848607941.n13. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259481464_The_Coding_Process_and_Its_Challenges Accessed on June 11, 2020.

Jean Simon, D., Jamali, Y., Olorunsaiye, C.Z. et al. (2023) Knowledge of the ovulatory cycle and its determinants among women of childbearing age in Haiti: a population-based study using the 2016/2017 Haitian Demographic Health Survey. BMC Women's Health 23, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-02136-8.

Ministry of Planning and Monitoring of the Implementation of the Modernity Revolution (MPSMRM), Ministry of Public Health (MSP), and ICF International, (2014). Demographic and Health Survey in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2013-2014. Rockville, Maryland, USA: MPSMRM, MSP, and ICF International. Available at: http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf. Accessed on August 2, 2019.

ONUfemmes (2015a). "Menstrual hygiene management: Behaviors and practices in the Kédougou region, Senegal." Available at: https://menstrualhygieneday.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/UN-Women-GHM-Comportement-et-pratiques-Kédougou. Accessed on October 19, 2019.

ONUfemmes (2015b). "Study on menstrual hygiene management in Kye-Ossi and Bamoungoum, Cameroon." 80 pages. Available at: https://menstrualhygieneday.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/UN-woman-GHM-comportement-et-pratique-Cameroun.pdf. Accessed on July 22, 2019.

Provincial Division of Health of Kinshasa (2016). Provincial Health Development Plan. Final Report: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Unpublished.

Ribau C. et al. (2005). "Phenomenology: A scientific approach to lived experiences." Association for Nursing Research. No. 81, pages 21-27. Available at: https://www.cairn.info/revue-recherche-en-soins-infirmiers-2005-2-page-21.htm. Accessed on August 8, 2019.

Shah V. et al. (2019). "A rite of passage: a mixed methodology study about knowledge, perceptions, and practices of menstrual hygiene management in rural Gambia." BMC Public Health.19:277. Available at: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-6599-2. Accessed on September 22, 2020.

Thomas V. (2018). "Menstruation, blood for blood taboos. How menstrual hygiene impacts our societies." Available at: https://www.iris-france.org. Accessed on October 11, 2020.

Umeora O, Egwuatu V. (2008). "Menstruation in rural Igbo women of South East Nigeria: attitudes, beliefs, and practices." African Journal of Reproductive Health. 12(1):109–15. PMID: 20695163. Available at: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajrh/article/download/7961/30519. Accessed on July 24, 2020..

UNICEF (2013). "Menstrual hygiene in schools in two Francophone countries in West Africa: Burkina Faso and Niger." 80 pages. Available at: https://www.wsscc.org/wp-content/…/MHM-Niger-report-92pp-FRENCH-TEXT.pdf. Accessed on July 28, 2019.

UNICEF Niger (2015). "Menstrual hygiene management: Experiences of nomadic and settled populations in Niger." Available at: https://www.wsscc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/MHM-Niger-report-92pp-FRENCH-TEXT.pdf. Accessed on July 24, 2019.

Downloads

Published

2025-04-13

How to Cite

Nsakala , G. V., & Mpembele, B. N. (2025). Parents’ Perceptions on Menstruation and Menstrual Hygiene in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. International Journal of Health Sciences, 8(2), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.47941/ijhs.2648

Issue

Section

Articles