Relative Efficacies of Individual Psychology and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in the Reduction of Suicide Ideation among Undergraduate Students in the University of Cape Coast, Ghana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/japsy.1240Keywords:
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Counselling, Individual Psychology, Suicide ideation, Suicide, Undergraduate studentsAbstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to find out the relative efficacies of Individual Psychology (IP) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) in the reduction of suicide ideation among undergraduate students of University of Cape Coast, in the Central Region, Ghana.
Methodology: It was a quantitative study using the quasi-experimental research design, specifically, the pre-test, post-test and control group design. A total of 30 undergraduate students from four colleges of the University were non-randomly assigned to two treatment groups (IP and CBT) and one control group. The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was used for data collection. Both the descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential (independent samples t-test) statistics were used to analyse the data at .05 alpha level.
Findings: The results revealed that both therapies are effective in reducing suicide ideation among undergraduate students, with CBT being slightly more effective than IP.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: It was recommended that screening for suicide ideation, spearheaded by the Counselling Centre of the University, should be carried out on a regular basis among students of the University. This is with a view to achieving a drastic reduction in suicide ideation, and by implication, suicide itself
Downloads
References
Adler, A. (1937). Suicide. International Journal of Individual Psychology, 15, 49-52.
Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 23(4), 467-472.
Arria, A. M., O’Grady, K., Caldeira, K. M., & Vincent, K. B. (2009). Suicide ideation among college students: A multivariate analysis. Arch. Suicide Res., 13, 230–246.
Arslan, G., Ayranci, U., Unsal, A., & Arslantas, D. (2009). Prevalence of depression, its correlates among students, and its effect on health-related quality of life in a Turkish university. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 114, 170-177.
Babbie, E. (2010). The practice of social research. (3rd ed.). Oxford Press.
Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1993). Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI). Pearson.
Carlson, J., & Maniacci, M. P. (Eds.) (2012). Alfred Adler revisited. Routledge.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). (2012). Injury center: Violence prevention. National suicide statistics at a glance. http://www.cdc.gov/violence prevention/suicide/statistics.
Devellis, R. (2012). Scale development theory and application. Sage Publications
Dzorgbo, D-B.S. (2014). Postcolonial development in Ghana and Korea: The colonial factor. In D-B.S. Dzorgbo & S. Tonah (Eds.), Sociology and development issues in Ghana: A sociology reader (pp. 51-69). Woeli Publishing Services.
Ghana Statistical Service. (2013). The 2010 population & housing census report: Children, adolescents and young people in Ghana. Author.
Goldney, R. D., Clary, E. G., & Snyder, M. (2010), Stigmatization and suicide bereavement. Death Studies, 33(7), 591-609.
Harris, E., & Barraclough, B. (1997). Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170(3), 205-228.
Joiner, T. E. (2005). Therapeutic effects of psychological autopsies: The impact of investigating suicides on interviewees. Crisis, 30(1), 20-24.
Mewton, L., & Andrews, G. (2016). Cognitive behavioural therapy for suicidal behaviours: Improving patient outcomes. Psychology Research and Behaviour Management, 9, 21-29.
Oppong Asante, K., Kugbey, N., Osafo, J., Quarshie, E. N. B., & Sarfo, J. O. (2017). The prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviours (ideation, plan and attempt) among adolescents in senior high schools in Ghana. SSM-Population Health, 3, 427–434.
Ougrin, D., Tranah, T., Stahl, D., Moran, P., & Asarnow, J. R. (2015). Therapeutic intervention for suicide attempts and self-harm in adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J AM Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 54, 97-107.
Pratt, D. (Ed), (2016). Advances in mental health research: The prevention of suicide in prison: Cognitive behavioural approaches. Routledge / Taylor & Francis Group.
Siegel, G. J., Carter, C. S., & Thase, M. E. (2006). Use of fMRI to predicts recovery from unipolar depression with cognitive behaviour therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 735-738.
Smith, A. (2018). Depression and suicide in professional sports work. Sport, Mental Illness, and Sociology, 11, 79–95.
Tarrier, N., Taylor, K., & Gooding, P. (2008). Cognitive behavioural intervention to reduce suicide behaviour: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Behaviour Modification, 32(1), 77-108.
Tosevski, D. L., Milovancevic, M. P., & Gajic, S. D. (2010). Personality and psychopathology of university students. Curr Opin Psychaitry, 23(1), 48-52.
Trochim, W. M. K. (2006). Introduction to validity: Social research methods. www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/introval.php.
Watts, R. E., & Pietrzak, D. R. (2000). Adlerian ‘‘Encouragement’’ and the therapeutic process of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy. Journal of Counseling Development, 78(4), 442-447.
Watts, S. (2014). User skills for qualitative analysis: Perspective, interpretation and the delivery of impact. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11(1), 1 -14.
World Health Organization. (2014). Health for the world’s adolescents: A second chance in the second decade. Author.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Benedicta Ama Adom-Mensah, Joshua A. Omotosho, Sylvia Eyiah Bediako, Eugene Kwarteng-Nantwi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
