Core Assumptions and the Competitive Advantage among Commercial Banks in Kenya

Authors

  • Paul Waithaka Kenyatta University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47941/jbsm.722

Keywords:

Core assumptions; strategic inputs: competitive intelligence; competitive advantage

Abstract

Purpose: This paper sought to examine the effect of verification of core assumptions on the competitive advantage among commercial banks in Kenya.

Methodology: The target population for the study were directors or managers in-charge of planning or strategy in each of the forty banks in the country. Primary data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was tested for both validity and reliability and was found to meet the required threshold. . Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Analysis was done with the assistance of SPSS computer packages.

Findings: A response rate of 77.5% was achieved in the study and this was adequate for analysis. The study found that verification of core assumptions has a β =0.472 and a p-value of 0.000 which indicates that it has a significant effect on the ability of banks to sustain competitive advantage. The study therefore concluded that verification of core assumptions must be carried out continuously to track their validity on which the company's strategies are grounded upon.

Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study therefore recommends that banks should raise the level of use of competitive intelligence in monitoring the competitive landscape to enable early verification of core assumptions. The study further recommends that banks should continuously monitor the various core assumptions that were considered during strategy formulation to verify their validity to enable the bank rapidly change the strategy, should the core assumption on which it was grounded on be found to be no longer valid.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Paul Waithaka, Kenyatta University

Department of Business Administration

References

Alaa, M. & James, S. (1996). The Changing Basis of Performance Measurement,

International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 16 (8), 63-80.

Ade, L.P.K., Akanbi A.M. & Tubosun A.S. (2017). Influence of marketing intelligence on

business competitive advantage. Journal of competitiveness, 9, (1), 51-71.

Alharthi, S. Z. (2012). Towards A Sustainable Competitive Advantage. International Journal of

Business Research and Development, 1(1), 17-31.

Analoui, F. & Karami (2002). How chief executives' perception of environment impacts on company performance, Journal of Management Development, 21 (4), 201-211.

Anica I. P. & Cucui G. (2009). A Framework for Enhancing Competitive Intelligence

Capabilities using Decision Support System based on Web Mining Techniques, International Journal of Computers, Communications and Control, IV ( 4), 326-334.

Babbie, E.R. (2002). The Basics of Social Research. 9th ed. Wadsworth Thomson Learning, Belmont, CA

Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of

Management, 17, 99-120.

Baum, A.C. & Oliver C. (1991). Institutional Linkages and Organizational Mortality.

Administrative Science Quarterly 36, (2),187-218

Campbell, L. (2007) Why Would Corporations Behave in Socially Responsible Ways? An

Institutional Theory of Corporate Social Responsibility. The Academy of Management Review, 32, 946-967.

Cappel, J. J. & Boone, J.P. (1995). A look at the link between competitive intelligence and performance. Competitive Intelligence Review, 6 (2), 15-23.

Central Bank of Kenya (2015). Bank Supervision Annual Report. Nairobi, Kenya https://www.centralbank.go.ke

Central Bank of Kenya (2017). Bank Supervision Annual Report. Nairobi, Kenya https://www.centralbank.go.ke

Central Bank of Kenya (2018). Bank Supervision Annual Report. Nairobi, Kenya https://www.centralbank.go.ke

Central Bank of Kenya (2020). Bank Supervision Annual Report. Nairobi, Kenya https://www.centralbank.go.ke

Creswell, J. W. (1999). Mixed method research: Introduction and application. In T.Cijek (Ed.), Handbook of educational policy (pp. 455-472). San Deigo, CA: Academic Press

Deng, Z. & Luo, L. (2010). An exploratory discussion of new ways for competitive intelligence

on the Web 2.0. International Federation for Information Processing, 252(1), 597-604.

DiMaggio, P.J., & Powell, W.W. (1983). "The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism

and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields." American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160.

Dubey, R. & Dubey, U. (2010). An exploratory study on Competitive Intelligence Practices

as an Emerging Aproach to Quality Excellence. Indian Journal of Management Science 1, (1), 71-78.

Fahey L. (2007). Connecting Strategy and Competitive Intelligence: Refocusing Intelligence

to Produce Critical Strategy Inputs. Strategy Leadership, 35(1), 4-12.

Fleisher, C. (2001). An introduction to the management and practices of competitive intelligence

(CI)", in Fleisher, C.G. and Blenkhorn, D.L. (Eds), Managing Frontiers in Competitive Intelligence (pp. 3-18). Westport, CT: Quorum Books.

Garelli, S. (2003). Competitiveness of nations: The fundamentals. [Online]. Available:http://www.imd.org/uupload/www01/documents/wcc/content/fundamentals.pdf.[Accessed 20 February 2018].

Gracanin, S., Kalac, E. & Jovanovic, D. (2015). Competitive Intelligence: Importance and

application in practice, Review of Innovation and competitiveness, 1 (1), 25-43.

Griffith, S.E. (1971). Sun Tsu: The Art of War. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gudmundsson, R., Ngoka-Kisinguh, K. & Odongo, M. T. (2013). The Role of Capital Requirements on Bank Competition and Stability: The Case of the Kenyan Banking Industry, Kenya Bankers Association, Working Papers series, 02, 2-5.

Gwahula, R. (2013). Efficiency of commercial banks in East Africa: A Parametric Approach,

International Journal of Business Management, 8 (4), 50-64.

Heppes, D. & Toit A.D. (2009). Level of maturity of the competitive intelligence function: Case

study of a retail bank in South Africa, ASLIB PROC. 61,49- 65.

Heppes, D.W., (2006). An assessment of the level of maturity of the competitive intelligence

function within a South African retail bank, M.Com mini-dissertation, Department of Business Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg.

Hill, C. W., & Jones, G. R. (2009). Strategic Management Theory: an Integrated Approach,

th Edition. Canada: Cengage Learning.

Hughes, S. & White, R. J. (2005). Improving Strategic Planning and Implementation in

Universities through Competitive Intelligence Tools: A Means to Gaining Relevance, Journal of Education Outreach and Engagement, 10 (3), 39.

Kalinowski, D.J., (2012). Positioning for growth in emerging markets, Proactive Worldwide

(3), 10-16.

Koivu, T. (2002). Do efficient banking sectors accelerate economic growth in transition

countries? No 14/2002, BOFIT Discussion Papers, Bank of Finland, Institute for Economies in Transition DOI:10.2139/ssrn.1015710

Kung'u, G., Desta, I., & Ngui, T. (2014). An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Competitive

Strategies by Commercial Banks: A Case of Equity Bank, International Journal of and Research, 2, (12), 333-346.

Levy, M. & Weitz, B. (2001). Retailing Management, 4th Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill

Companies Inc.

Liao, S. H. & Hu, T. C. (2007). Knowledge transfer and competitive advantage on

environmental uncertainty: An empirical study of the Taiwan semiconductor industry. Technovation, 27, 402-411.

Ma, H. (2000). Competitive advantage and firm performance. Competitiveness Review,

, (2),16-17.

March J. G. & Olsen, J.P. (1998). The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders

International Organization 52, (4), 943-969

May, R.C., Stewart, W.H. & Sweo, R. (2000). Environmental scanning behavior in a transitional economy: Evidence from Russia, Academy of Management Journal, 43 (3), 403-427.

Mc Candles, B. (2003). Controversies in Competitive Intelligence: The Enduring Issues.

Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT.

McGee, J.E. & Sawyerr, O. O. (2003). Uncertainty and information searching activiti study of owner-managers of small high technology manufacturing firms, Journal of Small Business Management, 41, (4), 385-401.

Mugenda, O.M., & Mugenda, A.G. (2003). Research methods: Qualitative and Quantitative

approaches. African Centre for Technology Studies. Nairobi, Kenya.

Musran, M. (2013). The Impact of TQM practices Towards Competitive Advantage and

Organizational Performance, Pakistan Journal of Commercial and Social Science, 7 (1), 184-197.

Muthen, L.K. & Muthen, B.O. (2007).Mplus User's Guide. Seventh Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthn & Muthn

Nasri, W. (2012). Conceptual Model of Strategic Benefits of Competitive Intelligence

Process. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 1 (6), 25-35.

Nwokah, N.G. & Ondukwu, F.E. (2009). Competitive intelligence and marketing effectiveness in corporate organizations in Nigeria, African Journal of MarketingManagement, 1 (1), 10, 22.

Oloo, O. (2011). Banking Survey Report, The best banks this decade 2001-2010, Think

Business Limited, Kenya, www.bankingsurvey.co.ke

Ongore, V. O., & Kusa, G. B. (2013). Determinants of financial performance of commercial

banks in Kenya. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3(1), 237-252.

Onuanga, S. M. (2014). The analysis of profitability of Kenya's Top Six Commercial

Banks: Internal Factor Analysis, International Journal of Social Science 3 (5),

October.

Pearce II, J. A. & Robinson Jr., R.B. (2009). Strategic Management: Strategy formulation and

Implementation, 5th Edition, Krishan Nagar, Delhi, India.

Petrisor, I., & Strain, N. A. (2013). Approaches on the Competitive Intelligence. The USV

Annals of Economics and Public Administration, 1(17), 100-109.

Pirttimäki, V. (2007). Comparative Study and Analysis of the Intelligence Activities of Large

Finnish Companies, Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 4, (1), 147-170.

Prescott, J.E. (1999). Evolution of Competitive intelligence, Competitive Intelligence

Review, spring, 37-52.

Qiu, T. (2008). Scanning for Competitive Intelligence: A managerial perspective. European Journal of Marketing, 42, (7/8), 814-835.

Rakimane, M.V., (2009). Gathering Competitive Intelligence Information on Leaders, a course of Information Management, available online at www.scribd.com.

Ray, G., Barney, J. B. & Muhanna, W. A. (2004). Capabilities, business processes, and

competitive advantage: Choosing the dependent variable in empirical tests of the resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 25, 23-37.

Reed, R., Lemak, D. J., & Mero, N. P. (2000). Total quality management and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of quality management, 5(1), 5-26.

Roitner, A. (2008), Competitive Intelligence in Austria: An empirical Study, A thesis for

MAfrom the Department of Sociology and Economics, Wien University, Germany.

Safarnia, H. Akbari, Z. & Abbasi, A. (2011). Review of Competitive Intelligence and

competitive advantage in industrial estates companies in Kerman city, International

Business and Management, 2 (2), 47-61.

Scott, W. R. (2004). Institutional theory: Contributing to a theoretical research program. In K.

G. Smith, & M. A. Hitt, (Eds.), Great minds in management: The process of theory development (pp. 460-484). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Scott, W.R. (1995) Institutions and Organizations. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks.

Serieux, J. (2008). Financial Liberalization and Domestic Resource Mobilization in Africa:

Assessment, International Poverty Centre Working Paper, 4.

Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management.

Strategic Management Journal, 18, 509-533.

Upadhyaya, R. (2011). Analyzing the Sources and impact of Segmentation in the Banking

Sector: A Case study of Kenya. Unpublished Ph. D Thesis presented to the University of London.

Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2008). Service-dominant logic: continuing the evolution. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36 (1), 1-10.

Waithaka, P. (2021). Competitive Risks and Competitive Advantage among Commercial Banks

in Kenya, International Journal Economics, Commerce and Management, 9 (4), 337-354

Waithaka, P. (2020). Tactics Oriented Competitive Intelligence Practice and Performance of

firms listed on the Nairobi securities Exchange, Kenya. International Journal of Science, Arts and Commerce, 5, (9), 15-22

Waithaka, P., Bula, H. & Kimencu, L. (2016). Target Oriented Competitive Intelligence Practice

and Performance of firms listed on the Nairobi securities Exchange, Kenya. International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, 6, (06), 75-78.

Waithaka, P. (2016). Competitive Intelligence Practices and Performance of firms listed on the

Nairobi securities Exchange, Kenya, European Scientific Journal, 12, (19), 107-126.

Wernerfelt, B. (1984). The Resource-Based View of the firm. Strategic Management Journal,

(2), 171-180.

Wright, S., Bisson, C.H., & Duffy, A. P. (2012). Applying a behavioural and operational diagnostic typology of competitive intelligence practice: empirical evidence from the SME sector in Turkey. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 20 (1), 19-33.

Wright, S. (2010). Capitalizing on intelligence: converting input to output to insight and

competitive advantage. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 18 (7), 517-521.

Yin, R.K. (2017). Case study research applications. Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks,

CA: Sage

Zucker, L.G. (1987) Institutional Theories of Organization. Annual Review of Sociology, 13,

-464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.13.080187.002303

Downloads

Published

2021-11-21

How to Cite

Waithaka, P. . (2021). Core Assumptions and the Competitive Advantage among Commercial Banks in Kenya. Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 6(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.47941/jbsm.722

Issue

Section

Articles