Determinants of Performance of Water Projects in Urban Center in Kenya: A Case of Mji Wa Kale Sub-Location in Mombasa County
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/jepm.492Keywords:
Performance, availability of natural water sources, consumer's preferences, technology stakeholder involvement, management skills, water projects, urbanized centresAbstract
Purpose: This study examined the determinants of the performance of water projects in urbanized centres based on a Case Study of Mji wa Kale in Mombasa County.
Methodology: The study adopted to descriptive study with a target population of 10,069 people comprised of 10, 056 population of the sub-location (KNBS, 2019 Census), ten purified water service providers (purposive), and a respondent each from the region’s water supply regulators, i.e., Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS), Mombasa Water and Sanitation Company and Coast Water Works Agency. They were sampled using Solvins formula n = N / (1 + N e2) and simple random reduction to 15% to utilize a sample size of 70 respondents. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and, where possible, interviews. Data analysis was through mean, frequencies, inferential statistics and descriptive methods through Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS. Data was narrated and reported below frequency Tables
Findings: The study found that technology uses in water supply influences the Performance of Water Projects in urbanized centres and that water services companies have the relevant technology skills required in the current trends on new innovative technologies in their supply to the commodity. The study concluded a significant relationship between the availability of natural water sources, consumer preferences of price, appropriate technology, stakeholder involvement, management skills and Performance of water projects in urbanized centres.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommends that water management committees that have untrained community members should not be entrusted to manage these facilities, leading to mismanagement and unwarranted system breakdowns. The study also recommends that project leaders and members be trained on the effective use of scarce water supplied to reduce the losses in quantity and quality of water as delivered from source through to households for use to eventual disposal. There is a need to enhance transparency and accountability levels among the committee members. There is a need for close monitoring and evaluation of water projects by implementing organizations to enhance sustainability. Community participation right from conception and design of water projects to implementation is recommended to enhance water projects' community ownership. There is a need to encourage diversified livelihoods, especially those directly supported by water resources.
Downloads
References
Aggarwal, R., & Goodell, J. W. (2012). Developing global awareness in international business education.
Akhmat and Khan, (2014). Key interventions to solve the problems of informal abodes of The 3rd world due to poor infrastructure. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19, 56-60. Amao
Carlevaro F, and Gonzalez C. (2011). Costing improved water supply systems for low-Income com munities: a practical manual. CDROM. World Health Organization, Geneva
Davis, K. E., Kingsbury, B., & Merry, S. E. (2012). Indicators as a technology of global governance. Law & Society Review, 46(1), 71-104.
Duran-Encalada, J. A., Paucar-Caceres, A., Bandala, E. R., & Wright, G. H. (2017). The impact of global climate change on water quantity and quality: A system dynamics approach to the US–Mexican transborder region. European Journal of Operational Research, 256(2), 567-581.
Egbinola, C. N. (2017). Trend in access to safe water supply in Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 7(8), 89-96.
Fay, Marianne, David Martimott, and Stephane Straub. 2018. Funding and Financing Infrastructure: The Joint Use of Public and Private Finance. Washington, DC: World Bank Group
Freeman, R. E. (1999). Divergent stakeholder theory. Academy of management review, 24(2), 233-236.
Friedman, A. L., & Miles, S. (2006). Stakeholders: Theory and practice. Oxford University Press on Demand.
Gebrehiwot (2015). An Assessment of Challenges of Rural Water Supply: The Case of OflaWoreda in Tigray Region. Msc Thesis, Regional and Local Development Study (RLDS). A.A.U. Ethiopia
Gleitsmann (2015), The importance of community involvement in the planning and design phases of rural water supply development projects in the Koro region of Mali, West Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University
Goksu, A J, Trémolet, S, Kolker and Joel E, (2017). Easing the transition to commercial Finance for sustainable water and sanitation
Habtamu (2012). Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Rural Water Supply Systems. Harvey and Reed (2013) Rural Water Supply in Africa: Building Blocks for International
Kanyanya in (2014) Factors influencing sustainability of community water provision in Shianda division, Kakamega County-Kenya (Doctoral dissertation). University of Nairobi
Kemuma, M. J., Khayesi, M., & Nafukho, M. F. M. (2015). Informal Public Transport in Practice: Matatu Entrepreneurship. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Kerlinger, (2002). Foundations of Behavioral Research. Delhi: Subject Publication
Lockwood (2014). Supporting Rural Water Supply. Moving towards a Service Delivery Approach. Practical Action Publishing Ltd. Warwickshire, UK
Mwamburi, M. M. (2017). The Effect Of Corporate Governance Practices On The Financial Performance Of The Insurance Companies In Kenya (Doctoral Dissertation, School Of Business, University Of Nairobi).
Redclift, M. (2014). Wasted: counting the costs of global consumption. London: Earthscan. World Bank 2000a: World development indicators 2000.
ROK, (2012). Republic of Kenya (2012) urbanized areas and City Act. Nairobi, Kenya: National Council for Law Reporting
Said & Osman (2013) Overview on management patterns in community, private and Hybrid management in rural water supply. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(5), 26.
Schwandt, D. R. (1994). Organizational learning as a dynamic sociological construct: Theory and research. In 10th Systems Dynamics Society Meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland.
UWAZI (2012), Mkukuta Annual Implementation Report (2006-2007). Progress, Challenges and the way forward. By Anna Mwasha
WHO (2010) “Global Costs and Benefits of Drinking-Water Supply and Sanitation Interventions to Reach the SDG Target and Universal Coverage.” Analytical report, WHO/HSE/WSH/12.01, WHO, Geneva.
WHO (2014) among the countries for which data are available, 70 percent report that tariffs are insufficient to cover operation and maintenance costs.
WHO (2017), Financing Universal Water, Sanitation and Hygiene under the Sustainable
WHO-UNICEF (2014) Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. Update and SDG Baselines. Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water: 2015 Update and SDG Assessment. WHO: Geneva
World Bank (2015) The Republic of Kenya: Towards a Water-Secure Kenya. Water Resources Sector Memorandum. Report No. 28398-KE. Washington, DC: World Bank
World Bank (2015). Leveraging Water Global Practice knowledge and Lending: Improving services for the Nairobi Water and Sewerage Utility to reach the urban poor in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: WSP, World Bank Group
World Bank (2016) 2017a. “Sanitation and Water for All: Priority Actions for Sector Financing.” Washington, DC: World Bank Group
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
