EGYPT IN THE EYES OF THE FIRST FRENCH PHOTOGRAPHERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/jhs.357Keywords:
Egypt, France, Daguerreotype, Photographers Monuments, PaintersAbstract
The French invasion of Egypt sparked a national passion for all of Egypt's ancient Pharaonic history. Napoleon not only came to invade Egypt, but brought with him more than 150 scientists, cartographers, artists, naturalists and even musicians and painters; Observing the details of ancient sites and existing customs, the result was the huge work "Description of Egypt", published between 1809 and 1829, in twenty volumes, containing about 900 inscriptions.
The French scientist François Arago (1786 - 1853) regretted that photography had not been invented yet. As he announced in Paris on January 7, 1839, he invented the photographic design designed by Louis-Jacques-Mand Daguerre to copy millions of hieroglyphs covering the exterior of the great monuments at Thebes, Memphis, Karnak, etc., you'll need decades of hordes of painters, but with the invention of Daguerre, one person is enough to do so.
In announcing the invention of photography, Arago pledged to harness this invention in the service of science - and was intended to replace the cartoons of the book Description of Egypt; The attention of photographers, they showed the beauty of the region, as well as recording the landmarks of this civilization. These early photographers also presented a series of unique images of Egypt, thereby deepening the French public's sense of the greatness of the Egyptian civilization, and the world in general, with the legacy they documented. Thousands of years ago, they have stimulated those who will come after them to see all these tourist places, and the interest in the region, which has already increased with the development in the process of photography, which contributed to the increase of desire and see those places and take pictures of them.
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Louis-Philippe d'Orlans was born on October 6, 1773, in Paris, France. He lived in exile for most of the French Revolution, only returning to France after Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated. Following the July Revolution, Louis-Philippe became the country's "citizen king" in 1830. A repressive ruler, he was forced to abdicate the throne in 1848. He died on August 26, 1850, at age 76, in Claremont, England. https://www.biography.com/royalty/louis-philippe
Louis Jacques Mande-Daguerre, artist and inventor, was born November 18, 1789 in Cormeilles-en-France. At sixteen he became an apprentice to the successful scene painter Degotti. In 1835., Daguerre produced the first daguerreotype. Being placed over a container of iodine particles thus forming a silver iodide on the surface sensitized a silver plated sheet of copper. The plate was then exposed in a camera; the silver iodide was reduced to silver in proportion to the density. The exposed plate was then placed over a container of warm mercury; the fumes formed an amalgam with the silver producing an image. http://iphf.org/inductees/louis-jacques-mande-daguerre/
Alphonse Giroux, "the merchant of the princes", is an important Parisian manufacturer of luxury furniture and accessories, whose products were intended for an aristocratic and bourgeois clientele, installed as early as 1799 at No. 7, rue du Coq Saint -Honor, then Boulevard des Capucines. Founded by François-Simon-Alphonse Giroux under the name "A. GIROUX in PARIS", it was taken over by the Giroux children and remained active under the name of "Alphonse Giroux et Cie" until 1867, when the direction is taken over by Ferdinand Duvinage . https://www.marcmaison.com/architectural-antiques-resources/alphonse-giroux
The announcement was in 19., august, 1839 by François Arago, Galignani's Messenger (Paris), "The Daguerreotype," 20 August 1839.
21., August was the day of the public disclosure of Daguerre's process, Hannavy John, Encyclopedia of Nineteenth Century Photography, Vol., 1 A - I, Beaumont Newhall, 1983, p. 244
Koehler. Jeff, Capturing The Light of The Nile, Aramco World Magazin, Vol., 66, No. 6, November / December., 2015, p. 20
Ibid, p. 20
https://peoplepill.com/people/noel-paymal-lerebours/
Noël Marie Paymal Lerebours was a French optician and daguerreotypist. He is best known today for his Excursions Daguerriennes, books of views of the world's monuments, based on early photographs redrawn by hand as Aquatint engravings. https://artsandculture.google.com
Lowry. Bates, Lowry. Barrett. Isabel, The Silver Canvas "The Daguerreotyp Masterpieces from The J. Paul Getty Museum", THE J. Paul Getty Museum . Los Angeles, 1998, p. 28.
The 79-page instruction manual had been translated into both English and German
Wich-Wenning. Judith, Orientalism and the Arabian Horse: Part 2 "Horace Vernet", http://www.horsetimesegypt.com
Horace Vernet's journey to the east, which included Egypt in 1839 - 40, was documented in a book by Gupil Fesquet entitled "Voyage d'Horace Vernet en Orient" published in 1844.
The Inventor's Advocate and Patentees' Recorder; A British and Foreign Miscellany of Inventions, Discoveries and The Fine Arts, Vol., 1, August., 17 - December., 28, 1839, London, p. 316
Fesquet. Gupil, Voyage d'Horace Vernet en Orient, Bruxelles et Leibzig, C. Muquardt, 1844, p. 6
His biography does not exist in the sources except that he is the nephew of Horace Vernet
Hector Horeau was an architect and Egyptologist who travelled around the Eastern Mediterranean from 1837 to 1839 and made numerous watercolors of many of the monuments in Egypt. Upon his return to France, he worked with the printmaker Sigismond Himely to produce Panorama d'Egypte, a lavishly illustrated book based on his journey.
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/747108
http://catalogue.gazette-drouot.com/ref/lot-ventes-aux-encheres.jsp?id=2197439
Fesquet. Gupil, Op. cit, p. 26
The meeting took place in the presence of Artin Bey, who was a translator between Mohamed Ali, Couchley and photographers, Ibid, p. 36
Ibid, p. 36, 37
It was the first photograph taken in Africa.
Hannoosh. Michele, Horace Vernet's "˜Orient': photography and the Eastern Mediterranean in 1839, part I: a daguerrean excursion, the Burlington Magazine, April., 2016, p. 268
Koehler. Jeff, Op. cit, p. 22
Within Fesquet's remarks he wrote after taking his photos in Egypt, Since Photography, p. 13. https://docplayer.fr/
Koehler. Jeff, Op. cit, p. 22
Aubenas. Sylvie, L'aventure des daguerrotypistes,
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