Relationship between Behavioural Empowerment and Employee Commitment in selected Star Rated Hotels in Kisumu City, Kenya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/hrlj.1030Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between behavioural empowerment and employee commitment in selected star-rated Hotels in Kisumu City, Kenya. This study was anchored on Social Cognitive Theory.
Methodology: The study adopted explanatory and descriptive research designs. The target population was 1372 non-managerial employees and 130 managerial employees from 34 star rated hotels. A sample size of 310 non-managerial employees and 13 management staff formed the sample for the study. The respondents were selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interview schedule were used to collect data. The validity of the surveys was established using professional judgment. The dependability of the research tool was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Mean, frequencies, and standard deviation were included in descriptive statistics, whereas linear regression was part of inferential statistics and data presented using tables.
Findings: According to the study's findings, employee commitment and behavioral empowerment were significantly positively correlated in a few star-rated hotels (1=0.751; p0.05).
Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study came to the conclusion that, in particular hotels, behavioural empowerment had a substantial impact on employees' engagement. Encourage hotel staff to have confidence in their sense of judgment, values, work roles, and actions related to their jobs.
Downloads
References
Abu Kassim, Z;. Yusoff, I., and Fong, N. (2012). Job empowerment and customer orientation of bank employees in Malaysia. Contemporary Management Research, 8(2), 131-140. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.v8i2.11048.
Abuhashesh, M., Al-Dmour, R., & Ed Masa’deh, R. (2019). Factors that affect employees job satisfaction and performance to increase customers’ satisfactions. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 4, 2166–2184.
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of occupational psychology, 63(1), 1-18.
Ashford, O., Dieck, E. (2012), “A heightened interest in human capital as strategic asset”, available at: http://www.directorship.com/a-heightened-interest-in-humancapital-as-a-strategic-asset (accessed 22 July 2021).
Auh, S., Menguc, B. and Jung, Y. (2014). Unpacking the relationship between empowering leadership and service-oriented citizenship behaviors: a multilevel approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 42 (February),
Avan, A., Zorlu, O. &Baytok, A. (2016). The effect of psychological empowerment on organizational silence in hotels. Journal of Business Research-Türk, 8(4), 277-295. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2016.219.
Azeem, S. M., & Akhtar, N. (2014). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among public sector employees in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(7), 127-133.
Bakker, A.B., Bal, P.M. (2010), “Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 83 No. 1, pp. 189–206.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall, Inc.
Billek-Sawbney, B., &Reicherter, A. (2004). Social cognitive theory: Use by physical therapists in the education of the older adult client. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 20(4), 319-323.
Boudrias, J. S., &Savoie, A. (2006). Behavioural empowerment at work: Development of a conceptual framework and a measurement instrument. Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations, 12(2), 119-138.
Brooks, N. G., Korzaan, M. L., & Brooks, S. (2020). Normative commitment in an information systems project environment. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business.
Buch, R. (2015). Leader-member exchange as a moderator of the relationship between employee organization exchange and affective commitment. The International Journal of Human Resources Management, 26, 59-79.
Cameron, K. (2008), Positive leadership: Strategies for extraordinary performance, Berrett-Koehler, Inc., San Francisco, CA.
Cameron, K. (2013). Practicing positive leadership: Tools and techniques that create extraordinary results. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Chiang, C., and Hsieh, T. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: the mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 180-190.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Steps in conducting a scholarly mixed methods study.
De Poel, F.M., Stoker, J.I., Van der Zee, K.I. (2012), “Climate control? The relationship between leadership, climate for change, and work outcomes”, The InternationalJournal of Human Resources Management, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 694–713.
Dewettinck, K., Van Ameijde, M. (2011), “Linking leadership empowerment behavior to employee attitudes and behavioral intentions”, Personnel Review, Vol. 40 No. 3, pp. 284-305.
Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2000). How to design and evaluate research in education (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Francis, R. S., &Alagas, E. N. (2020). Hotel employees' psychological empowerment influence on their organizational citizenship behavior towards their job performance. In Organizational Behavior Challenges in the Tourism Industry (pp. 284- 304). IGI Global.
Gazzoli, G.; Hancer, M.; and Kim, B. (2013). Explaining why employee customer orientation influence customer perception of the service encounter. Journal of Service Management, 24(4), 382-400.
Gist, M. E., & Mitchell, T. R. (1992). Self-efficacy: A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability. Academy of Management review, 17(2), 183-211.
Gunlu, E., Aksarayli, M., &Percin, N. S. (2010). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment of hotel managers in Turkey. International Journal of Contemporary HospitalityManagement, 22, 693-717.
Hakan, E., & Jamel C. (2012). "The impact of team empowerment on proactivity: The moderating roles of leader's emotional intelligence and proactive personality", Journal of Health Organization and Management, 26(5),560 – 577.
Hakimi, N., Van Knippenberg, D., Giessner, S. (2010), “Leader empowering behavior: The leader’s perspective”, British Journal of Management, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 701–716.
Hamborstad, S. and Perry, C. (2011). Employee empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: an in-depth empirical investigation. Chinese Management Studies, 5(3), 325-344.
Hannah, S.T., Woolfolk, R.L., Lord, R.G. (2009), “Leader self-structure: A framework for positive leadership”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 269 – 290.
Humborstad, S. I. W., & Perry, C. (2011). Employee empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: An in‐depth empirical investigation. Chinese Management Studies.
Joarder, M., Sharif, M. & Ahmed, K. (2011). Mediating role of affective commitment in HRM practices and turnover intention relationship: a study in a developing context. Business andEconomics Research Journal, 2(4), 135-158.
Karim, F., & Rehman, O. (2012). Impact of job satisfaction, perceived organizational justice and employee empowerment on organizational commitment in semi-government organizations of Pakistan. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 3(4), 92-104.
KNBS. (2019). Kenya Population and Housing Census. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics Nairobi. [Google Scholar]
Kelloway, E.K., Turner, N., Barling, J., Loughlin, C. (2012), “Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: The mediating role of employee trust in leadership”, Work and Stress: An International Journal of Work, Health and Organizations, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 39–55.
Ko, J., &Hur, S. (2014). The impacts of employee benefits, procedural justice, and managerial trustworthiness on work attitudes: Integrated understanding based on social exchange theory. Public Administration Review, 74(2), 176-187
Kuruuzum, A., Cetin, E.I. & Irmak, S. (2009). Path analysis of organizational commitment, job involvement and job satisfaction in Turkish hospitality industry. Tourism Review, 64(1), 4-16.
LaMorte, W. W. (2016). The social cognitive theory. Boston University School of Public Health.
Lanjananda, P., and Patterson, P. (2009). Determinants of customer-oriented behavior in health care context. Journal of Service Management, 20(1), 5-32.
Loan, L. (2020). The influence of organizational commitment on employees’ job performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 10(14), 3307-3312.
Lovelock, C. and Wirtz, J. (2010). Services marketing: people, technology, strategy. (7th ed). Pearson, USA.
Mahmoud, A. B., Sitladin, M., Tehseen, S., Fuxman, L., Reisel, W. D., Purkayastha, H., &Grigoriou, N. (2020). Job satisfaction as a mediator between performance appraisal effectiveness and organisational outcomes in the Caribbean. British Academy of Management.
Mechinda, P., and Patterson, P. (2011). The impact of service climate and service provider personality on employees' customer-oriented behavior in a high contact setting. Journal of Service Marketing, 25(2), 101-113.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human resource management review, 1(1), 61-89.
Mills, M J., Fleck, C.R., Kozikowski, A. (2013), “Positive psychology at work: A conceptual review, state-of-practice assessment, and a look ahead”, The Journal of PositivePsychology, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 153-164.
Mugenda, A. G., & Mugenda, A. (2008). Social science research: Theory and principles. Nairobi: Applied.
Muguella, A., Mohd, R., &Mohd, Y. (2013). Supervisory Support as a moderator of work-life Demands and Life Satisfaction among Malaysian Female Academicians: World Applied Science Journal 28, 32-37.
Odeh, K. (2008). The impact of frontline employee empowerment on service quality in the Jordanian restaurant industry. Unpublished PHD Thesis, University Of Surrey, UK.
Ombachi, T. (2011). An Investigation of the Relationship between Employee Empowerment and the performance of hotels in Mombasa County, Kenya. Kenya: Unpublished Masters Project, Kenyatta University
Pimpakorn, N., and Patterson, P. (2010). Customer-oriented behavior of front-line service employees: the need to be both willing and able. Australasian Marketing Journal, 18(2), 57-65.
Rahman, H. A, Raja, A, Shaari, R, Panatik, S. A, Shah, I. M, & Hamid, K. (2012). Employees contentment in an organization. Procedia-social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 604–608.
Raub, S., & Robert, C. (2010). Empowerment and organizational citizenship: moderation by culture in a multi-national sample. Academy of Management Proceedings(pp.1-6).
Reychav, I, and Weisberg, J. (2009). Going beyond technology: knowledge sharing as a tool for enhancing customer-oriented attitudes. International Journal of Information Management, 29(5), 353-361.
Sahoo, C. K., Behera, N., & Tripathy, S. K. (2010). Employee empowerment and individual commitment: an analysis from integrative review of research. Employment Relations Record, 10(1), 40-56.
Saunders, M. N., &Rojon, C. (2011). On the attributes of a critical literature review. Coaching: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice, 4(2), 156-162.
Selvi, M. S. &Maheswari G. S. (2020). Effects of Employee Empowerment on Organizational Success. Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, 12(3), 2018-2025.
Sohail, M., & Ilyas, M. (2018). The impact of Job Satisfaction on aspects of Organizational Commitment (Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment). Journal of Managerial Sciences, 12(3), 221-234.
Srivastava, A. P., &Dhar, R. L. (2016). Impact of leader member exchange, human resource management practices and psychological empowerment on extra role performances: the mediating role of organisational commitment. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
Taheri, M., and Gharakhani, D. (2012). The relationship of customer orientation, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and innovation. Scientific Journal of Applied Research, 1(1), 11-15.
Tang, T., and Tang, Y. (2012). Promoting service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior in hotels: the role of high-performance human resource practices and organizational social climate. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 885-895.
Tremblay, M., Wils, T.. (2006), Structuration des ancres de carrière :une verification empiriqueauprèsd’ingénieurs Québécois, XVIIecongrès de l’AGRH, Le travailaucoeur de la GRH, IAE de Lille et Reims Management School.
Yamane, T (1973). Statistics: An introductoryanalysis, 2nd Ed., New York: Harper and Row.
Yeshanew, Y. & Kaur, N. (2018). Yeshanew, Y. A., & Kaur, N. Employees' Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Tourism Industry: A Study of Selected Hotels in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. International Journal of Research in Management, Economics and Commerce, 8(1), 79-88.
Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J.C., & Griffin, M. (2010). Business Research Methods (8th Ed). Mason, HO: Cengage Learning
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Lucy Jumah , Dr. Rita Nthiga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
