Effects of Militancy Activities on Secondary School Students' Dropout in the Niger Delta Region.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/jep.927Keywords:
Niger Delta, Militant, Militancy Activities, student dropout, secondary schoolsAbstract
Purpose: This study examines how the militancy activities (attacks, hostility, unfairness and victimization) in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria influenced secondary school students' dropout (SSSD) and the implications for educational development.
Methodology: The research design adopted was descriptive survey design using the cross-sectional data from 904 students of 30 public secondary schools located in the communities with high militancy activities in three of the nine Niger Delta states. The direct influence of the outcomes of militancy activities on SSSD were tested using hierarchical regression.
Results: The results show that the outcomes of militancy activities were associated positively with SSSD, indicating that the outcomes of the militancy activities significantly influence SSSD in the study population. The present study contributes to knowledge and extends research on the effects of the militancy activities on secondary school students' dropout and enrolment in school programmes.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The findings have practical and policy implications for educational development in the Niger Delta region. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that government should create employment opportunities for the youths.
Downloads
References
Abang, S. O. (2014). The Niger Delta crisis and the roles of governmental agencies in Nigeria. African Identities, 12(2), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2014.885779
Agbiboa, D. E. (2014). Transformational Strategy or Gilded Pacification? Four Years On: The Niger Delta Armed Conflict and the DDR Process of the Nigerian Amnesty Programme. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 50(4), 387-411. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614530082
Ajibola, I. O. (2015). Nigeria's Amnesty Program. SAGE Open, 5(3),.https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015589996
Akiba, M., LeTendre, G. K., Baker, D. P., & Goesling, B. (2002). Student victimization: National and school system effects on school violence in 37 nations. American Educational Research Journal, 39(4), 829-853. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312039004829
Aleyomi, M. B., & Nwagwu, R. C. (2020). Strategic model for Nigeria's security and socioeconomic development. African Identities, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2020.1828041
Amie-Ogan, O. T. (2017). Value re-orientation: The index for management of secondary education for poverty eradication in Nigeria. African Education Indices, 10(1), 68-81.
Caglar, C. (2013). The relationship between the perceptions of fairness of the learning environment and the level of alienation. Egitim Arastirmalari -Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 50,185-206.
Chinwokwu, E. C. (2013). Terrorism and the dilemmas of combating the menace in Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(4), 265-272.
Cobb Rodabaugh, R. (1994). College Students' Perceptions of Unfairness in the Classroom. To Improve the Academy. 319. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/podimproveacad/319
Cosmos, A. (2019). Understanding conflict theory. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/conflict-theory-306622019
Ebienfa, K. (2012). Militancy in the Niger Delta and the emer¬gent categories. Review of African Political Economy, 38, 637-643.
Feldman, R. L. (2009). The root causes of terrorism: Why parts of Africa might never be at peace. Defence & Security Analysis, 25, 355-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/14751790903416707
Gottfredson, G. D., Gottfredson, D. C., Payne, A. A., & Gottfredson, N. C. (2005). School climate predictors of school disorder: Results from a national study of delinquency prevention in schools. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 42, 412-444
Gottfredson, G. D., & Gottfredson, D. C. (1985). Victimization in schools. New York: Plenum Press.
Ikelegbe, A. (2005). Encounters of insurgent youth associations with the state in the oil rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Journal of Third World Studies, 22(1), 151-181.
Imhonopi, D. & Urim, U. M. (2016). Expensive democratic politics and unemployment in Nigeria: A comparison with China. In C. Enwere, & M. Khalil-Babatunde (Eds), A comparative study of Nigeria: Lessons from the global south. Abuja, Nigeria: Nigerian Turkish Nile University.
Jegede, A. E. & Joshua, S. (2013). Domestic terrorism, official response and the politics of black gold in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Ife Psychologia, 21(1), 114-126.
Juvonen, J., Nishina, A., & Graham, S. (2000). Peer harassment, psychological adjustment, and school functioning in early adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 349-359.
Khan, M. & Azam, A. (2008). Root causes of terrorism: An empirical analysis. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 20(1/2), 65-86.
Kuku, K. (2012). Remaking the Niger Delta: Challenges and opportunities. Surrey, UK: Mandingo Publishing.
Lleras, C. (2008). Hostile School Climates: Explaining Differential Risk of Student Exposure to Disruptive Learning Environments in High School. Journal of School Violence, 7(3), 105-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220801955604
Lizzo, A., Wilson, K. & Hadaway, V. (2007). University students' perceptions of a fair learning environment: a social justice perspective. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 32(2), 195-213.
Malik, F., Khawar, R., Iftikhar, R., Saeed, S., & Ilyas, R. (2010). Terrorism Impact Scale (TIS) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t44059-000
Ngwama, J. C. (2014). Kidnapping in Nigeria: an emerging social crime and the implications for the labour market. International Journal of Social Science, 4(1), 133-145.
Odia, L. O., & Omofonmwan, S. I. (2007). Educational System in Nigeria Problems and Prospects. Journal of Social Sciences, 14(1), 86-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2007.11978347
Okonofua, B. A. (2013). Triangulation, Emotional Reactivity, and Violence in the Niger Delta. SAGE Open, 3(2), 215824401348375. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013483758
Ololube, N. P., Onyekwerre, L. A., Kpolovie, P. J. & Agabi, C. O. (2012). Human security and educational development in the Niger Delta Region. Journal of Human Security, 8(1), 47-67
Oluwaniyi, O. O. (2010). Oil and youth militancy in Nigeria's Niger Delta Region. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 45(3), 309-325.
Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Long-term outcomes for the victims and an effective school-based intervention program. In L.R. Huesmann (Ed.), Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives (pp. 97-130). New York: Plenum
Omeje, K. (2004). The state, conflict and evolving politics in the Niger Delta. Review of African Political Economy, 31(101), 425-440.
Ripski, M. B., & Gregory, A. (2009). Unfair, unsafe, and unwelcome: Do high school students' perceptions of unfairness, hostility, and victimization in school predict engagement and achievement? Journal of School Violence, 8(4), 355-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220903132755
Seabra, C., Abrantes, J. L., & Kastenholz, E. (2021). TerrorScale: A scale to measure the contact of international tourists with terrorism. Journal of Tourism Research & Hospitality, 1(4), 1-1-8.
Sutton, J., & Keogh, E. (2000). Social competition in school: Relationships with bullying, Machiavellianism and personality. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 443-56.
Thom-Otuya, B. E. N. (2010). Kidnapping: A challenge to Nigeria security system. International Journal of Social Sciences, 2(8), 107-116
West, A., & Salmon, G. (2000). Bullying and depression: A case report. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 4, 73-75.
Whitlock, J. L. (2006). Youth perceptions of life at school: Contextual correlates of school connectedness in adolescence. Applied Developmental Science, 10(1), 13-29.
Whitney, I., & Smith, P. K. (1993). A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/ middle and secondary schools. Educational Research, 35, 3-25.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
