Mediation as a Conflict Management Tool in the IGAD Region: A Case of South Sudan

Abstract

Purpose: This study examined mediation as a conflict management tool in South Sudan from 2005 to 2023, focusing on key peace agreements including the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) of 2015 and the Revitalized Agreement (R-ARCSS) of 2018.

Methodology: The research adopted a descriptive design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, targeting stakeholders such as government officials, civil society organizations, rebel representatives, and grassroots actors. Purposive sampling was employed, while data collection relied on interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis.

Findings: The research revealed that IGAD’s mediation efforts contributed to notable achievements. However, effectiveness was degraded by lack of inclusivity, limited political will, and insufficient cultural sensitivity. Exclusion of grassroots actors especially women, youth, and local leaders reduced legitimacy and local ownership of agreements. Concerns were also raised about mediators’ impartiality due to national allegiances and reliance on top-down communication. Respondents emphasized the need for reforms to embed inclusivity, integrate indigenous conflict resolution practices, and embrace adaptive methods.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Structural-Functional Theory and Narrative Mediation Theory provided the theoretical framework, highlighting the role of mediation structures and communication in peacebuilding. The study offered policymakers, both within South Sudan and internationally, evidence-based recommendations for improving mediation strategies and conflict management mechanisms. The study helped practitioners involved in mediation processes in South Sudan by identifying best practices and areas for improvement. The study provided valuable academic insights and a foundation for future research into conflict resolution in similar volatile settings.