Remédiation de Sols Miniers Contaminés en Éléments-Traces Métalliques par un Biochar Issu de la Pyrolyse de Déchets Organiques : Cas de Trois Sites du Haut-Katanga et du Lualaba (République Démocratique du Congo)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/je.4033Keywords:
Biochar ; Éléments-traces métalliques; Sols miniers ; Immobilisation ; Remédiation.Abstract
Objectif : Évaluer l’efficacité d’un biochar produit à partir d’épluchures de pomme de terre comme amendement pour la remédiation de sols miniers contaminés par les éléments-traces métalliques (ETM) dans le Haut-Katanga et le Lualaba, en République démocratique du Congo.
Méthodologie : Trois sols miniers provenant de SODIMICO (Musoshi), de Ruashi Mining et d’un site minier du Lualaba, ainsi qu’un sol témoin non minier, ont été étudiés. Les épluchures de pomme de terre ont été pyrolysées pendant trois heures pour produire le biochar. Les propriétés physico-chimiques du biochar et des sols ont été évaluées avant et après amendement.
Résultats : Le biochar obtenu présentait un pH alcalin (10,21), une teneur élevée en cendres (59,1 %) et en carbone organique (26,4 %). Son incorporation a augmenté significativement le pH des sols, de 5,94–6,36 à 7,06–8,98, et réduit les teneurs en Cu, Pb, Co et Fe jusqu’à 93 %, 97 %, 73 % et 60 %, respectivement. Une amélioration de l’azote total, du carbone organique, de la matière organique, de la rétention en eau et de la capacité d’échange cationique a également été observée.
Contribution originale à la théorie, à la pratique et aux politiques : Cette étude apporte des données nouvelles sur la valorisation d’un déchet organique local pour immobiliser les éléments traces métalliques et améliorer la qualité des sols miniers. Elle soutient le développement de solutions locales, accessibles et durables de réhabilitation des sols dégradés en RDC.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Clarice Kunyonga Zoza, Nestor Nzinga wa Bwanga, Clovis Kalaka Mayur, Jean Luhembwe Baruani, Gloire Yav Irung, Tatiana Kyeusi Muninga, Delphin Mukalay Umba, Jean-batiste Lumbu Simbi
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