Reproductive Efficiencies and Productive Potentials of Female Nigerian Indigenous Goat Breeds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/ahj.1537Keywords:
Goat Breeds, Production Potentials, Production EfficiencyAbstract
Purpose: The overall objective of this study was to examine the reproductive and productive abilities of three Nigerian indigenous goat breeds.
Methodology: The study covered 108 primiparous does and nine bucks from Sahel (SH), Red Sokoto (RS), and West African dwarf (WAD) goat breeds. In different pens, the animals were bred in various combinations: RS x RS, WAD x WAD, SH x SH, RS x SH, RS x WAD, SH x RS, and SH x WAD. WAD x SH, WAD x RS. Estrus synchronization was done using prostaglandins. Mating occurred naturally when animals were on heat. Dams were given special care throughout pregnancy. The study measured dams' weights, litter size, and pre-weaning mortality rates in kids. The total kid crop and sexes were also assessed. We measured dam lactation weight loss, birth weight, and weaning weight. SPSS, ANOVA, and the Turkey statistical test were used for data analysis.
Findings: The result showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the weight of does at kidding. The weight of does at weaning varied significantly (P<0.05). Litter size significantly (P<0.05) affected the birth weight and weaning weight of kids. An increase in litter size per birth resulted in a significant (P<0.05) rise in kid mortality rates. Breed type significantly (P<0.05) affected doe production efficiency and weaning weight ratio. Although WAD x WAD goats had lower birth and weaning weights, hybrid vigour (birth and weaning weights) improved significantly (P<0.05) when cross-bred with SH or RS breeds. When crossed with SH or WAD goat breeds, RS breeds had the greatest positive effect on hybrid vigour (heterosis), followed by SH breeds. Both SH x RS and RS x SH progenies recorded higher hybrid vigour than the other nine bred line progenies.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study found that Nigerian indigenous goat breeds had great reproductive efficiency and breeding potential if properly managed. Genetic variations observed in the study could improve Kids crop, birth weight, litter size, hybrid vigour, and pre-weaning survivorship due to their broad variety. This study recommends a careful selection and crossbreeding of Nigerian indigenous goat breeds with suitable pedigree in order to increase their productivity.
Downloads
References
Al-Khamaiseh, S. K., Al-Sawalqa, A. G. and Al-Atiyat, R M. (2020). The effects of doe weight, litter size and sex on kids’ birth weight of three goat breeds under a sedentary production system. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 32, Article #154.
Anoh, U. K., Abdulahi, I. and Al-Habib, I. K. (2021). Influence of season on herd size and birth rate of small-holder goats in the southern guinea savanna. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 19(3): 182 – 187
Adamu, H., Ma'aruf, B. S., Shuaibu, A., Umar, H. A. and Maigado, A. I. (2020). Morphometric characteristics of Red Sokoto and Sahel goats in Maigatari Local Government Area of Jigawa State. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production. 47(4):15 – 23.
Atoui, A., Najari, S., Díaz, C., Abdennebi, M., & Carabaño, M. J. (2022). On the modelling of weights of kids to enhance growth in a local goat population under Tunisian arid conditions: the maternal effects. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 54(3), 177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03173-z
Bourn D, Wint W, Blench R & Woolley E (1994). Nigerian Livestock Resources Survey, World Animal Review, 78(1): 49-53.
Banerjee, G. C. (1989). A Text Book of Animal Husbandry. 6th Edn., Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Browning, Jr. R., Leite-Browning, M. L. and Byars Jr. M. (2011). Reproductive and health traits among Boer, Kiko, and Spanish meat goat does under humid, subtropical pasture conditions of the southeastern United States, Journal of Animal Science. 89(3):648–660.
Browning Jr, R., Leite-Browning, L. M. (2009). Reproductive, growth, and fitness traits among Boer, Kiko, and Spanish meat goat semi-intensively managed in the southeastern US. Trop. and Subtrop. Agroecosystems. 11:109-113.
Browning Jr, R. and Leite-Browning, M. L. (2020). Comparison of Productivity of Different Breeds of Meat Goats Under Low-to-Moderate-Input Systems in the United States," Professional Agricultural Workers Journal: Vol. 6: No. 3, 5.
Chowdhury S. A., Bhuiyan M. S. A. and Faruk S. (2002). Rearing Black Bengal Goat under Semi-Intensive Management 1. Physiological and Reproductive Performances.
Devendra, C. (2001). Small ruminants’ imperatives for productivity enhancement, improved livelihood and rural growth – a review. Asian-Austral. J. Anim. Sci. 14(10):1483-1496.
Devendra C. (2013). Investments on Pro-poor Development Projects on Goats: Ensuring Success for Improved Livelihoods. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, 26(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.r.01
Ebozoje, M. O. and Ngere, L. O. (1995). Incidence of preweaning mortality in West African Dwarf goats and their Red Sokoto halfbred. Nigerian Journal of Animal production. 22(1): 93 – 98.
FAOSTAT (2009). Food and Agricultural Organization statistical databases. (Available at http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx). Accessed 4th September, 2023.
Khowa, A. A., Tsvuura, Z., Slotow, R., & Kraai, M. (2023). The utilisation of domestic goats in rural and peri-urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Tropical animal health and production, 55(3), 204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03587-3
Lok, K. Y. W., Chau, P. H., Fan, H. S. L., Chan, K. M., Chan, B. H., Fung, G. P. C., & Tarrant, M. (2017). Increase in weight in low birth weight and very low birth weight infants fed fortified breast milk versus formula milk: A retrospective cohort study. Nutrients, 9(5), 520. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9050520
Mellado, M., Aguilar, C. N., Arevalo, J. R., Rodrıguez, A., Garcıa, J. E. Mellado, J. (2011). Selection for nutrients by pregnant goats on a microphyll desert scrub. Animal. 5:972–979.
Marai, I. F. M., El-Darawany, A. A., Fadiel, A. and Abdel-Hafez, M. A. M. (2008). Reproductive performance traits as affected by heat stress and its alleviation in sheep. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 8(2): 209 – 234.
Marshall K., Mtimet N., Wanyoike F, Ndiwa N., Ghebremariam H., Mugunieri L. and Costagli R. (2016). Traditional livestock breeding practices of men and women Somali pastoralists: trait preferences and selection of breeding animals. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 1–14. doi:10.1111/jbg.12223
Monau, P.; Raphaka, K.; Zvinorova-Chimboza, P.; Gondwe, T. (2020). Sustainable Utilization of Indigenous Goats in Southern Africa. Diversity, 12, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12010020
Morand-Fehr, P. and Boyazogly, G. W. F. (1999). Present status and future outlook of the small ruminant sector. Small Rum. Res. 34:949-963
Morand-Fehr, P. (2003). Dietary choices of goats at the trough. Small Ruminant Research. 49(3):231-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(03)00141-X
Nwachukwu C.U. and Berekwu N. (2020). Production and management of goat rearing in rural areas of Ezinihitte Mbaise, Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension. 19 (3) 25 – 31.
Nwachukwu, E. N. and Okoji, G. U. (2012). Heterotic effect on body weight and morphometic traits of crossbred buck kids of Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf Goats. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 39 (2): 35-40.
Sánchez G. F., Montaldo V. H., and Juárez L. A. (1994). Environmental and genetic effects on birth weight in graded-up goat kids. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 74(3): 397-400. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas94-057
Sejian, V., Silpa, M. V., Reshma Nair, M. R., Devaraj, C., Krishnan, G., Bagath, M., Chauhan, S. S., Suganthi, R. U., Fonseca, V. F. C., König, S., Gaughan, J. B., Dunshea, F. R., & Bhatta, R. (2021). Heat Stress and Goat Welfare: Adaptation and Production Considerations. Animals: an open access journal from MDPI, 11(4), 1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041021
Shrestha, J. N. B. and Fahmy M. H. (2007). Breeding goats for meat production: 3. Selection and breeding strategies. Small Rumin. Res. 67:113–12.
Singh, M. K. and Rai, B. (2006) Barbari breed of goat: Reasons of dilution in its home tract. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 76: 716-719.
Singh, M.K., Goel, A.K., Rai, B., Kumar, Ashok and Sharma, M. C. (2010) Impact of breed improvement programme on goat production under farmers flocks. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 80: 379-81.
Singh, M.K., Singh, S.K., Dige, M.S. and Kumar, A. (2021). Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting first parity growth, reproductive and lactation traits in Barbari goats under semi-intensive management in Semi-arid region of India. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 91 (2): 128-136.
Ofori, S. A. and Hagan, J. K. (2020). Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing the performance of the West African Dwarf (WAD) goat kept at the Kintampo Goat Breeding Station of Ghana. Tropical animal health and production, 52(5), 2577–2584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02276-9.
Ogah, D. M. (2016). Breeding strategies for indigenous goat genetic resources among smallholder farmers in north - central Nigeria. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 28, 60
Ogah D. M., Ari, M. M., Daikwo, I. S. and Momoh, O. M. (2009). Factor Analysis Scores in multiple Regression model for the Estimation of body weight from some body measurements in immature west African Dwarf goat. In Proceeding of the 31st Annual Conference of Genetic Society of Nigeria (GSN)
Ogah D M (2010) Application of factor analysis scores in a multiple linear regression model for the Prediction of live weight in immature West African Dwarf goat. Phillipine J .Vet. Anim. Sc. 36(2)167-174
Olusanya B. O. (2011). Perinatal outcomes of multiple births in southwest Nigeria. Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 29(6), 639–647.
Patel A. C. and Pandey D. P. (2013). Growth, Production and Reproduction Performance of Mehsana Goat. Journal of Livestock Science. 4: 17-21.
Paul R. C., Rahman A. N. M. I., Debnath S. and Khandoker M. A. M. Y. (2014). Evaluation of productive and reproductive performance of Black Bengal goat. Bangladesh J. Anim. Sci.43, 104-111.
Robertson S. M., Atkinson T. Friend M. A., Allworth M. B. and Refshauge G. (2020). Reproductive performance in goats and causes of perinatal mortality: a review. Animal Production Science, 60, 1669–1680. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN20161
Momani, S., Souleymane, S., Dounauke, C. and Samer, A. (2012). Growth performance and milk yield in Sahehan x Anglo-Nubian Goats following crossbreeding in the semiarid zone of Mali Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 45(3): 117-125. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10295-012-0020-9
Tovar-Luna, I. 2009. Goat production in Mexico. Overview of the industry and its production practices. pp. 41-48. In: Proceedings of the 24th Annual Goat Field Day. LangstonUniversity. Langston, OK, USA.
Tesema, Z., Alemayehu, K., Kebede, D., Getachew, T., Kefale, A., & Deribe, B. (2020). Reproductive performance and milk production of central highland and boer x central highland goats. Heliyon, 6(12), e05836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05836
Yilgwan, C. S., Utoo, T. B., & Hyacinth, H. I. (2012). Maternal characteristics influencing birth weight and infant weight gain in the first 6 weeks post-partum: A cross-sectional study of a post-natal clinic population. Nigerian Medical Journal: Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 53(4), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.107553
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Bitrus, I. , Ezema, C. , Makun, H. J. , Aronu, C. J. , Arinzechukwu, E.S , Gilbert, T. T. , Chindo, A. , Ishaya, W. W , Peter, F.D.
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.