A Review of Effects of Vaccination Failures on Poultry Production in a Climatic Conditions of the Sudan Savannah

Abstract

Purpose: The review was aimed to access the effect of vaccination failure in poultry production. The most of the causes of vaccination failure such as use of expired vaccine, improper storage of vitamin, health status of the flock, poor quality of water, constitution of vaccines, lack of anti-stress after vaccine administration, improper route of vaccine administration, vaccine break, and poor nutrition significantly contribute to vaccine failure in poultry. Furthermore, sirict adherence to vaccination schedule together with good management practice reduces vaccination failure to an economic level.

Findings: These revealed that strict adherence to recommended concluded that maintenance of hygiene, improved nutrition, use of potent vaccines and proper constitution can drastically reduce the rate of mortality on poultry production.

Unique contribution to theory, policy, and practice: Farmers should strictly adhere to manufacturers' instruction on the vaccine labels as this reduces the dangers of vaccination failure. Government should encourage private agencies in the field of vaccine production and make sure that the vaccines produced meet the approved standard. Poultry farmers Association of Nigeria should be organizing seminars and workshop to poultry farmers on vaccine handling and administration. More researches are expected to be conducted in the field of vaccine failure to test antibody titter level of the treatment set for the investigation. Good management practices should also be adopted in order to reduce the mortality rate on the poultry farmers. Poultry farmers should adhere strictly to vaccination schedule as this will reduce the rate of mortality on their poultry farms.