AI-Driven Route Planning and Scheduling for Electric School Buses

Authors

  • Pawan Kumar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47941/ijce.2339

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Electric School Buses, Energy Management, Vehicle-to-Grid, Sustainable Transportation, Machine Learning

Abstract

This review paper explores the current state, recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives of AI-driven approaches for route planning and scheduling of Electric School Buses (ESBs). The integration of artificial intelligence into energy management systems for electric vehicles has gained significant attention, particularly in optimizing school transportation. This study examines various AI techniques, including genetic algorithms, reinforcement learning, and game-theoretic approaches, applied to ESB management. Key focus areas include energy consumption estimation, battery capacity optimization, and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) strategies. The paper also addresses critical challenges such as data integration, security concerns, and operational constraints. Future perspectives highlight the potential of advanced AI techniques, smart grid integration, and personalized transportation solutions. By synthesizing current research and identifying key areas for future development, this review contributes to ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency, sustainability, and overall quality of school transportation systems through AI technologies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ercan, T., Noori, M., Zhao, Y., & Tatari, O. (2016). On the Front Lines of a Sustainable Transportation Fleet: Applications of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology for Transit and School Buses. Energies, 9, 1-22.

Khwanrit, R., Javaid, S., Lim, Y., Charoenlarpnopparut, C., & Tan, Y. (2024). Optimal Vehicle-to-Grid Strategies for Energy Sharing Management Using Electric School Buses. Energies.

Haces-Fernandez, F. (2024). Framework to Develop Electric School Bus Vehicle-to-Grid (ESB V2G) Systems Supplied with Solar Energy in the United States. Energies.

Lyu, G., Fan, H., Lu, H., Tennakoon, M., Bhosale, K., Hawkins, M.R., & Guensler, R. (2024). Electrification Opportunities and Challenges of School Bus Transportation: A Case Study of Atlanta Public Schools. 2024 Forum for Innovative Sustainable Transportation Systems (FISTS), 1-7.

Wang, P., Liu, Q., Xu, N., Ou, Y., Wang, Y., Meng, Z., Liu, N., Fu, J., & Li, J. (2024). Energy Consumption Estimation Method of Battery Electric Buses Based on Real-World Driving Data. World Electric Vehicle Journal.

Kumar, P. (2024). AI-Driven Optimization of V2G Systems for Electric School Buses. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research.

Li, X., Wang, T., Li, J., Tian, Y., & Tian, J. (2022). Energy Consumption Estimation for Electric Buses Based on a Physical and Data-Driven Fusion Model. Energies.

Peña, D., Dorronsoro, B., Tchernykh, A., & Ruiz, P. (2022). Public transport timetable and charge optimization using multiple electric buses types. Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion.

S. Torabi and M. Wahde, "Energy minimization for an electric bus using a genetic algorithm," European Transport Research Review, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 2, 2020.

Y. Yin, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Xu, "Research on Bus Scheduling Optimization Considering Exhaust Emission Based on Genetic Algorithm: Taking a Route in Nanjing City as an Example," Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 10, p. 4126, 2024.

C. Tang, H. Shi, and T. Liu, "Optimization of single-line electric bus scheduling with skip-stop operation," Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 149, p. 104081, 2023.

Y. Zhang, Z. Qin, L. Li, X. Zhang, and Y. Lu, "Genetic algorithm based optimization and simulation of electric bus power system parameters," in 2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2012, pp. 1005-1010.

Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, and Y. Xu, "Optimization Model for Electric Bus Scheduling Based on OD Data and Improved Genetic Algorithm," in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Springer Singapore, 2024, pp. 145-156.

Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Xu, "A genetic algorithm with trip-adjustment strategy for multi-depot electric bus scheduling problem," Engineering Optimization, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 2232-2994, 2023.

Y. Zhang, Z. Zheng, and M. Li, "Joint optimization of vehicle scheduling and charging strategies for electric buses to reduce battery degradation," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 5344-5355, Jul. 2024.

A. Purnomo, D. Hartama, A. P. Windarto, and A. S. Ahmar, "Optimal Vehicle-to-Grid Strategies for Energy Sharing Management Using Electric School Buses," IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 123456-123467, Aug. 2024.

D. Gálvez-Pérez, D. Muñoz-Carpintero, and R. Garrido-Menchén, "Public transport timetable and charge optimization using multiple electric buses types," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 9876-9885, Jul. 2022.

Y. Zhang, Z. Liu, and Y. Wang, "Multi-Type Electric Vehicle Scheduling Optimization Considering Load Capacity, Battery-Allowed Mileage, and Recharging Duration," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 13579-13590, Nov. 2023.

Pompern, N., Premrudeepreechacharn, S., Siritaratiwat, A., & Khunkitti, S. (2023). Optimal Placement and Capacity of Battery Energy Storage System in Distribution Networks Integrated With PV and EVs Using Metaheuristic Algorithms. IEEE Access, 11, 68379-68394.

Khwanrit, R., Lim, Y., Charoenlarpnopparut, C., Kittipiyakul, S., Javaid, S., & Tan, Y. (2023). Optimal Vehicle-to-Grid Strategies for Electric School Bus using Game-Theoretic Approach. 2023 International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan (ICCE-Taiwan), 191-192.

Zhang, J., Che, L., Wang, L., & Madawala, U.K. (2020). Game-Theory Based V2G Coordination Strategy for Providing Ramping Flexibility in Power Systems. Energies.

Xu, X., Zhan, Z., Mi, Z., & Ji, L. (2023). An Optimized Decision Model for Electric Vehicle Aggregator Participation in the Electricity Market Based on the Stackelberg Game. Sustainability.

Shu, J., Chen, S., & Ding, Z. (2021). Locational Price Driven Electric Bus Fleet Operation and Charging Demand Management. 2021 IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power System Asia (I&CPS Asia), 409-413.

Shulajkovska, M., Smerkol, M., Noveski, G., Bohanec, M., & Gams, M. (2024). Artificial Intelligence-Based Decision Support System for Sustainable Urban Mobility. Electronics.

Michael, J.A., & Weinberger, J. (1977). Federal Restrictions on Educational Research: Privacy Protection Study Commission Hearings1. Educational Researcher, 6, 15 - 18.

M. Ahmadian, F. Plochan, Z. Roessler and D. Ventura, "Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) for connected vehicles in smart cities," International Journal of Information Management, vol. 55, p. 102211, Dec. 2020.

M. Hatamian, S. Wairimu, N. Momen and L. Fritsch, "A privacy requirements engineering framework for connected vehicles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 139, pp. 485-501, Sep. 2020.

M. Ahmadian, F. Plochan, Z. Roessler and D. Ventura, "On the Integration of Privacy-Enhancing Technologies in the Process of Software Engineering," in Proc. 2021 IEEE 45th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Madrid, Spain, 2021, pp. 1656-1665.

N. Bui and J. Zorzo, "Privacy-sensitive Business Models: Barriers of Organizational Adoption of Privacy-Enhancing Technologies," in Proc. 2021 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Kauai, HI, USA, 2021, pp. 4785-4794.

Van Hulst, J. M., Zeni, M., Kröller, A., Moons, C., & Casale, P. (2020). Beyond privacy regulations: An ethical approach to data usage in transportation. ArXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.00491

Klymenko, A., Meisenbacher, S., Messmer, F., & Matthes, F. (2023). Privacy-Enhancing Technologies in the Process of Data Privacy Compliance: An Educational Perspective. CIISR@Wirtschaftsinformatik.

Lyu, G., Fan, H., Lu, H., Tennakoon, M., Bhosale, K., Hawkins, M.R., & Guensler, R. (2024). Electrification Opportunities and Challenges of School Bus Transportation: A Case Study of Atlanta Public Schools. 2024 Forum for Innovative Sustainable Transportation Systems (FISTS), 1-7.

Zhang, B., Zhong, Z., Zhou, X., Qu, Y., & Li, F. (2023). Optimization Model and Solution Algorithm for Rural Customized Bus Route Operation under Multiple Constraints. Sustainability.

Downloads

Published

2024-11-08

How to Cite

Kumar, P. (2024). AI-Driven Route Planning and Scheduling for Electric School Buses. International Journal of Computing and Engineering, 6(6), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.47941/ijce.2339

Issue

Section

Articles