Comparative Analysis of Climate Change Policies: Pakistan VS. Global Approaches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/jcp.2016Keywords:
Climate Change Policy, Carbon Emission, Air Pollution, Gender, SmogAbstract
Purpose: The current study compares global climate change policy to Pakistan's national climate policy in order to investigate global and national priorities in the context of carbon emission, air pollution, gender and smog under the adaptive management model.
Methodology: The United Nations Climate Change Policy Papers and Pakistan's most current Climate Change Policy 2021, were analyzed in this work utilizing keyword search methods for contextualization in the qualitative data analysis program NVivo 11.
Findings: The findings show that Pakistan's climate change strategy is highly similar to global climate change policy in terms of carbon emissions, a little less so in terms of gender, but not in terms of air pollution. It is concerning that smog, a serious problem in Pakistan, is not on the agenda of global climate change policy.
Unique Contribution of theory, practice and policy: Through adaptive management, the research identifies specific gaps where national policies diverge from global priorities. For instance, the model helps to highlight the lack of emphasis on smog in global policies, a critical issue for Pakistan, thereby suggesting areas for improvement and alignment. The study suggests that the Pakistani government should make efforts to address this issue on a worldwide scale in order to solve the problem.
Downloads
References
Arvai, J., Bridge, G., Dolsak, N., Franzese, R., Koontz, T., Luginbuhl, A.,&Thompson, A. (2006). Adaptive management of the global climate problem: bridging the gap between climate research and climate policy.Climatic Change,78, 217-225.
Bell, M. L., & Davis, D. L. (2001). Reassessment of the lethal London fog of 1952: novel indicators of acute and chronic consequences of acute exposure to air pollution.Environmental health perspectives,109(suppl 3), 389-394.Biagini, B., Bierbaum, R., Stults, M., Dobardzic, S., & McNeeley, S. M. (2014). A typology of adaptation actions: A global look at climate adaptation actions financed through the Global Environment Facility.Global environmental change,25, 97-108.Corfee-Morlot, J., Depledge, J., & Winkler, H. (2021). COVID-19 recovery and climate policy. In Climate Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2021.2001148Dale, A., Robinson, J., King, L., Burch, S., Newell, R., Shaw, A., & Jost, F. (2020). Meeting the climate change challenge: local government climate action in British Columbia, Canada. In Climate Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1651244D'amato, G., Pawankar, R., Vitale, C., Lanza, M., Molino, A., Stanziola, A.,& D'amato, M. (2016). Climate change and air pollution: effects on respiratory allergy.Allergy, asthma & immunology research,8(5), 391-395.Dominioni, G. (2022). Pricing carbon effectively: a pathway for higher climate change ambition. In Climate Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2042177Enríquez-de-Salamanca, Á.Díaz-Sierra, R., Martín-Aranda, R. M., & Santos, M. J. (2017). Environmental impacts of climate change adaptation.Environmental Impact Assessment Review,64, 87-96.Fellmann, T., Witzke, P., Weiss, F., Doorslaer, B. Van, Drabik, D., Huck, I., Salputra, G., Jansson, T., & Leip, A. (2018). Major challenges of integrating agriculture into climate change mitigation policy frameworks. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11027-017-9743-2Fielding, K. S., Hornsey, M. J., Thai, H. A., & Toh, L. L. (2020). Using ingroup messengers and ingroup values to promote climate change policy. Climatic Change. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10584-019-02561-ZForchtner, B. (2019). Climate change and the far right. In WIREs Climate Change.https://doi.org/10.1002/WCC.604Füssel, H. M. (2010). Modeling impacts and adaptation in global IAMs.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,1(2), 288-303.IPCC. (2021).Summary for policymakers. InV.Masson-Delmotte,P.Zhai,A.Pirani,S. L.Connors,C.Péan,S.Berger,N.Caud,Y.Chen,L.Goldfarb,M.I.Gomis,M.Huang,K.Leitzell,E.Lonnoy,J. B. R.Matthews,T. K.Maycock,T.Waterfield,O.Yelekçi,R.Yu, andB.Zhou(Eds.),Climate Change2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge University Press.
Isaev, E., Ajikeev, B., Shamyrkanov, U., Kalnur, K. U., Maisalbek, K., & Sidle, R. C. (2022). Impact of climate change and air pollution forecasting using machine learning techniques in Bishkek.Aerosol and Air Quality Research,22(3), 210336.Jakob, M. (2022). Globalization and climate change: State of knowledge, emerging issues, andpolicy implications. In WIREs Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1002/WCC.771Lau, J., Kleiber, D., Lawless, S., & Cohen, P. J. (2021). Gender equality in climate policy and practice hindered by assumptions. Nature Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41558-021-00999-7Meckling, J., & Allan, B. B. (2020). The evolution of ideas in global climate policy. Nature Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41558-020-0739-7Metz, B., & Hulme, M. (2013).Climate policy options post-2012: European strategy, technology and adaptation after Kyoto. Routledge.Mora, C., Spirandelli, D., Franklin, E. C., Lynham, J., Kantar, M. B., Miles, W., ... & Hunter, C. L. (2018). Broad threat to humanity from cumulative climate hazards intensified by greenhouse gas emissions.Nature climate change,8(12), 1062-1071.Nascimento, L., Kuramochi, T., Iacobuţă, G., Elzen, M. D. den, Fekete, H., Weishaupt, M., Soest, H. V. van, Roelfsema, M., Vivero-Serrano, G. De, Lui, S., Hans, F., Casas, M. J. de V., & Höhne, N. (2021). Twenty years of climate policy: G20 coverage and gaps. In Climate Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2021.1993776Nash, S., & Steurer, R. (2019). Taking stock of Climate Change Acts in Europe: living policy processes or symbolic gestures? In Climate Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1623164Orru, H., Ebi, K. L., & Forsberg, B. (2017). The interplay of climate change and air pollution on health.Current environmental health reports,4, 504-513.Orsini, A. J., Cobut, L., & Gaborit, M. (2021). Climate change acts non-adoption as potential for renewed expertise and climate activism: the Belgian case. In Climate Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2021.1978052Patel, J. A., Bloodworth, O. J., Unnadkat, V. A. K., Assi, S., & Badiani, A. A. (2020). Climate Change Policy:: From Negligence to Implementing a Carbon Tax. Sushruta. https://doi.org/10.38192/13.2.6Raza, W., Saeed, S., Saulat, H., Gul, H., Sarfraz, M., Sonne, C., ... & Kim, K. H. (2021).A review on the deteriorating situation of smog and its preventive measures in Pakistan.Journal of Cleaner Production,279, 123676.Rennkamp, B. (2019). Power, coalitions and institutional change in South African climate policy. In Climate Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1591936
Smit, B., Burton, I., Klein, R. J., & Street, R. (1999). The science of adaptation: a framework for assessment.Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change,4, 199-213.Singh, C., Solomon, D., & Rao, N. (2021). How does climate change adaptation policy in India consider gender? An analysis of 28 state action plans. In Climate Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2021.1953434Wang, B., & Zhou, Q. (2020). Climate change in the Chinese mind: An overview of public perceptions at macro and micro levels. In WIREs Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1002/WCC.639Wang, Y., Sun, M., Yang,X., & Yuan, X. (2016). Public awareness and willingness to pay for tackling smog pollution in China: a case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, 1627-1634.Wang, Y.-J., Chen, Y., Hewitt, C., Ding, W.-H., Song, L., Ai, W.-X., Han, Z., Li, X., & Huang, Z.-L. (2021). Climate services for addressing climate change: Indication of a climate livable city in China. Advances in Climate Change Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACCRE.2021.07.006Willson, B., & Roderick, S. (2018). Delivering Solutions: Engaging Farmers and Land Holders in the Climate Change Debate. In Climate change management. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70066-3_17Zhang, J. J., & Samet, J. M. (2015). Chinese haze versus Western smog: lessons learned.Journal of thoracic disease,7(1), 3.©2024by the Authors. This Article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Abbas Rashid Butt, Prof. Dr. Anjum Zia, Rana Faizan Ali, Dr. Zaheer Ahmed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.