Biochar-Based Composite Materials and Thermal Energy Storage Performance in Sustainable Building Systems in South Africa

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the biochar-based composite materials and thermal energy storage performance in sustainable building systems in South Africa.

Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.

Findings: Biochar-based composite materials improve thermal energy storage capacity, thermal conductivity, stability, and temperature regulation in sustainable buildings. However, their performance varies with material composition, highlighting the need for further research under South African climatic conditions.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Fourier's law of heat conduction, latent heat storage theory, thermodynamic theory may be used to anchor future studies on the biochar-based composite materials and thermal energy storage performance in sustainable building systems in South Africa. The study recommends that building material manufacturers, construction professionals, architects, and renewable energy practitioners investigate the practical integration of biochar-based composite materials into sustainable building components such as wall panels, ceiling boards, roofing systems, and thermal insulation materials. The study recommends that relevant South African government institutions, building regulatory authorities, and energy-sector stakeholders consider supporting research, standardisation, and pilot-scale demonstration of biochar-based composite materials for sustainable construction.