Qualité de l’Eau de Boisson et Pratiques Domestiques de Conservation dans l’Aire de Santé de Musumba (Likasi, RDC) : Une Analyse des Risques de Contamination de la Source au Point de Consommation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/ijhmnp.3982Keywords:
Qualité, Eau de boisson, Pratiques domestiques, Contamination, Likasi.Abstract
Objectif : Evaluer la qualité de l'eau de boisson et les pratiques domestiques de conservation dans l'aire de Santé Musumba afin d'identifier les risques de contamination de la source à la consommation.
Méthodologie : Une étude quantitative, descriptive transversale prospective a été menée de février à juillet 2026 auprès de 384 ménages sélectionnés par échantillonnage aléatoire systématique. Les données ont été collectées à l'aide d'un questionnaire et d'une grille d'observation. Des analyses univariées et multivariées ont été réalisées avec SPSS version 26.0. Le seuil de significativité a été fixé à p < 0,05.
Résultats : L'étude a révélé que 91,9 % des répondants étaient des femmes. L'eau de forage constituait la principale source d'approvisionnement (56,2 %). Le transport s'effectuait principalement sur la tête (74,8 %). Les récipients de stockage étaient majoritairement des bidons en plastique non couverts (35,4 %), et 65,8 % des ménages conservaient l'eau pendant trois jours ou plus. Seulement 5,9 % des ménages traitaient l'eau avant consommation. En analyse multivariée, le stockage prolongé était significativement associé à l'utilisation de fûts de stockage (ORa = 6,72 ; p < 0,001), à l'absence de couvercle sur les récipients (ORa = 4,17 ; p < 0,001), et au mélange de l'eau neuve avec l'ancienne (ORa = 2,89 ; p = 0,001). L'absence de traitement de l'eau était associée à l'absence de connaissance sur les normes de qualité (ORa = 2,34 ; p = 0,031) et à l'absence de lavage des mains avant manipulation (ORa = 3,18 ; p = 0,005). Des associations significatives ont été trouvées entre la durée de stockage et la détérioration de la qualité de l'eau (χ² = 18,34, p = 0,001), avec 86,5 % de l'eau stockée plus de trois jours restant incolore mais seulement 44,8 % restant insipide.
Contribution unique : Cette recherche met en évidence le décalage entre connaissances et pratiques dans la gestion de l'eau à domicile en milieu périurbain congolais et identifie les facteurs de risque indépendants pour atténuer la contamination de l'eau au point de consommation.
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