Immobilisme et Qualité de Vie Perçue chez les Personnes Âgées à Likasi, République Démocratique du Congo : Étude Transversale à Méthodes Mixtes dans l’Aire de Santé Kalipopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47941/ijhmnp.4030Keywords:
Immobilisme, Qualité de vie perçue, Personnes âgées, Gérontologie, République Démocratique du Congo.Abstract
Objectif de l’étude : Cette étude visait à déterminer la prévalence de l'immobilisme, évaluer la perception de la qualité de vie et analyser l'influence de l'immobilisme sur la qualité de vie perçue chez les personnes âgées de l'Aire de Santé Kalipopo à Likasi.
Matériels et méthodes : Nous avons mené une enquête communautaire de 20 mois (août 2024 - mars 2026). Il s’agissait d’une étude communautaire transversale à méthodes mixtes menée dans l’Aire de santé Kalipopo. La composante quantitative a porté sur les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus identifiées selon les critères d’inclusion prédéfinis ; la composante qualitative a utilisé un échantillonnage raisonné et une analyse thématique et comportait 13 entretiens semi-directifs jusqu'à saturation des données. Les associations sont interprétées comme des relations statistiques et non comme des effets causaux. Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées sur SPSS version 26.0 avec seuil de significativité p < 0,05.
Résultats : La population était majoritairement féminine (60%), âgée de 85-94 ans (38,5%), veuve (73,8%) et sans emploi (87,7%). La prévalence de l'immobilisme était très élevée : 75,4% ne pratiquaient aucune activité physique, 90,8% présentaient une réduction du périmètre de marche, et 83,1% nécessitaient une assistance pour les déplacements. La qualité de vie était perçue comme faible ou très faible chez 86,2% des participants. Les corrélations étaient toutes négatives et significatives entre les indicateurs d'immobilisme et les dimensions de la QPV (r = -0,398 à -0,563, p < 0,01). La régression logistique a identifié la réduction du périmètre de marche (OR=6,23), l'inactivité physique (OR=5,67) et le sentiment d'isolement (OR=4,89) comme les principaux prédicteurs d'une faible QPV. L'analyse qualitative a révélé une détresse existentielle profonde, incluant des idées suicidaires (46,2%) et un sentiment d'enfermement (61,5%).
Contribution unique à la théorie, à la politique et à la pratique : Cette étude apporte les premières données empiriques sur l'influence de l'immobilisme sur la qualité de vie perçue en RDC.
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